肝硬化患者稀释性低钠血症的研究现状与展望

稀释性低钠血症（DH）是肝硬化腹水患者常发生的一个并发症,并与难以控制的腹水、肝性脑病（HE）、自发性细菌性腹膜炎（SBP）及肝肾综合征（HRS）密切相关。肝硬化患者DH,轻者可表现为疲乏无力、肌张力低,重者可出现低钠性脑病,表现为认知、运动功能障碍,严重者可出现抽搐或昏迷。肝移植前存在DH的患者,其移植后的并发症和病死率明显增加。治疗上限制水摄入、输入白蛋白以纠正DH,严重低钠血症,静脉补充高张钠。几种非肽V2受体拮抗剂有望在肝硬化患者DH的治疗上发挥一定的作用。

Research state and prospect of hyponatremia in cirrhosis

Dilutional hyponatremia(DH) is a common complication of patients diagnosed with cirrhosis and is closely related with refractory ascites,hepatic encephalopathy(HE),spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP) and hepatorenal syndrome(HRS).The common symptoms of hepatocirrhotic patients with mild dilutional hyponatremia are fatigue and muscle weakness.The clinical manifestations of severe cases can be encephalopathy characterized by cognitive and motor disturbances,even convulsion or coma.If the patients preparing...