Cholinergic innervation of the song control nuclei by the ventral paleostriatum in the zebra finch: a double-labeling study with retrograde fluorescent tracers and choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry |
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Authors: | Rui Li Hironobu Sakaguchi |
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Institution: | aDepartment of Physiology, Dokkyo University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321-02, Japan;bIntelligence and Synthesis, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Mibu, Tochigi 321-02, Japan;cResearch Institute of Logopedics and Phoniatrics, School of Medicine, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113, Japan |
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Abstract: | During the sensitive period of song learning, the content of acetylcholine and the enzyme activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) increase remarkably in the song control nuclei of a young male zebra finch. Cholinergic fibers innervate the two main song control nuclei of the forebrain: the higher vocal center (HVC) and the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA). The present study combines the retrograde tracer, Fluoro-Red (FRe), with ChAT immunohistochemistry. The results indicate that the cholinergic fibers which innervate the RA and HVC originate from the ventral paleostriatum (VP) in the basal forebrain, and that there is an anterior-posterior topography in the location of the cholinergic neurons in the VP that project to the HVC and RA, although there are a few neurons which project to both nuclei. These findings suggest that the VP is homologous to the nucleus basalis of Meynert of the basal forebrain cholinergic system of mammals which is associated with learning and memory processes, and that the cholinergic neurons in the VP play an important role in avian song learning. |
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Keywords: | Choline acetyltransferase Fluoro-Red Forebrain Retrograde tracer Song control nucleus Zebra finch |
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