Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) have a multifactorial aetiology and are not simply solely due to bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Other causes of LUTS include bladder dysfunction, malignant prostatic disease, urethral disease and medical conditions such as polyuria. Complications from BPH include acute urinary retention, urinary tract infection and haematuria. Following investigation, men are treated with medical therapy for BPH using α-blockers and 5α-reductase inhibitors. Some men undergo surgery for their symptoms and this can be in the form of open prostatectomy, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and a variety of laser ablating and enucleating techniques.