黔南州3～6岁农村布依族与苗族儿童维生素D营养状况及骨密度的比较研究

目的:探讨黔南州3～6岁农村布依族与苗族儿童维生素D营养状况及骨密度水平,并比较两民族相关影响因素的差异,为少数民族贫困地区农村儿童骨骼生长发育的研究提供依据。方法:2012年1～12月共收集1 147名儿童作为研究对象,按民族分为布依族组(589名)和苗族组(558名),两组按年龄均分为4个年龄组,3岁、4岁、5岁和6岁年龄组。分别进行问卷调查,测量两组各年龄段儿童身高、体重、骨密度及血清25羟维生素D〔25-(OH)D〕、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BAP)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)含量,并对影响维生素D营养状况相关因素进行Logistic多元回归分析。结果:①两民族维生素D营养状况检查结果比较:布依族组589人中,严重缺乏3人(0.51%),缺乏7人(1.19%),不足187人(31.75%),充足392人(66.55%),中毒0人(0.00%);苗族组558人中,严重缺乏18人(3.23%),缺乏25人(4.48%),不足179人(32.08%),充足336人(60.22%),中毒0人(0.00%)。②两民族儿童维生素D营养状况影响因素比较:布依族组鸡蛋摄入量、动物肝摄入量、鱼类摄入量、牛奶摄入量、酸性食物、腌制或高磷食品、家庭经济收入等与苗族组比较,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。③两民族实验室检查指标比较:布依族组各年龄段儿童血清25-(OH)D3、BAP、PTH含量与苗族组比较,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。④两民族骨发育指标比较:布依族组各年龄段儿童身高、BMD含量与苗族组比较,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。结论:黔南州农村布依族与苗族3～6岁儿童维生素D营养状况有一定的差别,其影响因素为鸡蛋摄入量、动物肝摄入量、鱼类摄入量、牛奶摄入量、酸性食物、腌制或高磷食品、家庭经济收入等。

Comparative study on nutrition status of vitamin D and bone mineral density in 3-6-year-old children of Buyi nationality and Miao nationality in Qiannan Autonomous Prefecture

Objective: To explore the nutritional status of vitamin D and bone mineral density(BMD) in 3-6-year-old children of Buyi nationality and Miao nationality in Qiannan,compare the differences of related influencing factors,and provide a basis for researching growth and development of bone in poverty-stricken rural children in minority area in China.Methods: A total of 1 147 children were collected from January to December in 2012 as study objects,then they were divided into Buyi nationality group(589 children) and Miao nationality(558 children);the children in the two groups were divided into four age groups: 3-year-old group,4-year-old group,5-year-old group and 6-year-old group.A questionnaire survey was conducted,body height,body weight,BMD and serum 25(OH) D,bone alkaline phosphatase(BAP) and parathyroid hormone(PTH) contents in the two groups were measured,the related influencing factors of nutritional status of vitamin D were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: Among 589 children of Buyi nationality,3 children(0.51%) were found with severe deficiency of vitamin D,7 children(1.19%) were found with deficiency of vitamin D,187 children(31.75%) were found with insufficiency of vitamin D,392 children(66.55%) were found with sufficient vitamin D,and no child(0.00%) was found with vitamin D poisoning;among 558 children of Miao nationality,18 children(3.23%) were found with severe deficiency of vitamin D,25 children(4.48%) were found with deficiency of vitamin D,179 children(32.08%) were found with insufficiency of vitamin D,336 children(60.22%) were found with sufficient vitamin D,and no child(0.00%) was found with vitamin D poisoning.There were statistically significant differences in intakes of eggs,animal liver,fish,milk,acid food,salty food and hyperphosphate food,family economical income between children of Buyi nationality and children of Miao nationality(P < 0.01).There were statistically significant differences in serum 25-(OH) D3,BAP and PTH contents in Buyi children of different age groups(P < 0.01).There were statistically significant differences in body height and BMD content between children of Buyi nationality and children of Miao nationality(P < 0.01).Conclusion: There is a certain difference in nutritional status of vitamin D between 3-6-year-old children of Buyi nationality and 3-6-year-old children of Miao nationality in rural area of Qiannan,the influencing factors include intakes eggs,animal liver,fish,milk,acid food,salty food or hyperphosphate food and family economical income.