广东省中小学生伤害流行特征

目的了解广东省中小学生伤害的流行特征和疾病负担情况,为伤害的干预提供科学依据。方法用4阶段分层随机整群抽样方法抽取大城市、中小城市、一类农村和二类农村各3个县区进行调查,每个县抽取1所学校,共对6352名学生进行调查,小学一、二年级学生面对面访谈,三～六年级学生在调查员和老师的指导下完成,初、高中生自填。结果中小学生伤害发生率为30.4%,次数发生率为48.0%,每例伤者年均伤害1.58次。伤害的前6位原因是扭伤(23.4%)、割伤(23.2%)、跌倒(21.4%)、碰撞/挤压(11.7%)、热/火烫(5.8%)和交通事故(5.5%)。46.9%的伤害是浅表伤,其他依次为脱位/扭伤(23.0%)、烧烫伤(6.2%)和开放性伤(5.7%);伤害最常发生的地方是家中(37.1%)、学校(29.9%)和路上(20.0%);体育活动时发生伤害的比例最高(占28.3%),其次为娱乐活动(18.8%)和家务(16.6%)。95.8%伤害是轻度伤害,3.9%是中度伤害,0.3%是重度伤害。没有休息的伤者占70.2%,休息1周以下者占24.3%,大于1周者占2.5%。结论广东省中小学生伤害发生率高,疾病负担沉重。

Epidemiological Characteristics of Injuries Among Primary and Secondary School Students in Guangdong

Objective To explore epidemiological characteristics and economic burden of injury in primary and secondary school students in Guangdong, and to provide scientific evidence for intervention measures of injury. Methods A total of 6 352 students were chosen by multi-stage randomized sampling, the information of the students aged 7-8 were collected by face-to-face interview, students aged 9-18 by self-administered questionnaire. Results The incidence rate of injury was 48.0%, and there were 30.4% of the students reporting had committed injury. Every injury case had 1.58 injuries during one year averagely. The leading causes were strain(23.4%), cut(23.2%), fall(21.4%), colliding/splitting(11.7%), heat/fire(5.8%) and traffic accident(5.5%). The major nature of injury were superficial(46.9%), sprain/dislocation(23.0%), heat/hire(6.2%) and open wound(5.7%). The proportions of injury occurred at home, in school and on the road were 37.1%,29.9% and 20.0% respectively. The proportion of injury was the highest in taking part in sports exercises (28.3%), then in doing entertainment activities(18.8%) and housework(16.6%). The proportion of mild, moderate and severe were 95.8%, 3.9% and 0.3%. After having committed injuries, 70.2% did not need rest, 24.3% need rest less than one week, and 2.5% need rest more than one week. Conclusion The injury incidence rate is high among primary and middle school students in Guangdong, and the economic burden is heavy.