甲醛对作业工人免疫系统的损伤作用

目的]探讨甲醛对作业工人免疫系统的影响。方法]调查分析昆山市存在甲醛职业危害的企业,选择65名甲醛作业工人和非甲醛暴露工人70名为研究对象,采集工人静脉血,经仪器自动分析,测定作业工人血清补体C3、C4及血清免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM。结果]18家企业甲醛最高浓度达3.11mg/m3,超标作业点达29.09%。暴露组作业工人血清补体C3（0.99±0.31）、IgM（1.16±0.51）;≥5年组作业工人血清补体C（30.85±0.15）、C4（0.20±0.05）及血清IgA（1.28±0.57）、IgM（0.90±0.35）明显降低,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论]接触甲醛导致作业工人免疫功能抑制。

Effect of Formaldehyde on Immune System of Occupational Workers

Objective] To explore the toxic effects of formaldehyde on immune system.Methods] Altogether 65 workers occupationally exposed to formaldehyde and 70 workers without occupational formaldehyde exposure were recruited into this study.Formaldehyde concentrations in the air were monitored.Serum complement C3,C4 and immunoglobulin IgA, IgG,IgM in venous blood of studied workers were determined using automatic analysis equipment.Results] The average air concentrations of formaldehyde was 0.43mg/m3,the maximun concentration was 3.11mg/m3,and the rate of exceeding the limit was 29.09%.There were significant differences between exposure group and control group in serum complement C3（0.99± 0.31）and immunoglobulin IgM（1.16±0.51）.In particular,in the subgroup of workers more than 5years exposure,their serum complement C3（0.85±0.15）,C4（0.20±0.05）and immunoglobulin IgA（1.28±0.57）,IgM（0.90±0.35）were significantly decreased（P0.01）.Conclusion] Long term occupational exposure to formaldehyde may cause apparent immune suppression,and dose-effect response existed.