呼吸系统疾病相关脂类及脂质组学研究进展

脂质不仅是细胞重要的信号分子,还参与调节诸多重要的生命活动,包括物质运输、结构支持、能量转换、细胞发育、分化和凋亡等。脂质组学是代谢组学的一门新兴分支学科。通过比较不同生理状态下脂质代谢网络的变化,进而识别代谢调控中关键的生物标志物,最终揭示脂质在各种生命活动中的作用机制。大量研究表明,脂类代谢异常与呼吸系统疾病的发生发展有着密切联系,脂质组学能揭示与呼吸系统疾病相关的脂类变化,找到异常的代谢通路,识别脂类生物标志物,对疾病的早期诊断、病情发展和治疗靶点的发现等方面展现出广泛的应用前景。本文对近几年的文献进行归纳总结,介绍了结构脂质和信号脂质在支气管肺炎、哮喘、急性肺损伤、肺纤维化等呼吸系统疾病中的研究进展和应用前景。其中,结构脂质重点介绍了磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰甘油、鞘脂类,信号脂质主要包括类花生酸类如前列腺素类、凝血恶烷类、白三烯类、脂氧素、羟基二十碳四烯酸、异前列烷等。目前,脂质组学发展迅速,分析技术的发展也将进一步推动脂质的研究及其在临床中的应用。

Research Progress in Lipids and Lipidomics Associated with Respiratory System Diseases

Lipid is a key cell signaling molecule. It is also involved in the regulation of many important life activities, including material transport, structural support, energy conversion, cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. As a subdiscipline of metabonomics, lipidomics is an important approach to comprehensive analysis of lipids metabolism. Through analyzing the lipid profiles under different physiological conditions, lipidomics research can indicate the changes of the lipid metabolic network and obtain the lipid-based biomarkers contributed to the changes. Many studies have demonstrated that abnormal metabolism of lipids is closely related to the development of respiratory system diseases. Using lipidomics technique can reveal the changes of respiratory system diseases-associated lipids, find out the abnormal metabolic pathways and identify the biomarkers finally. Thus, lipidomics have shown great potential applications in the early diagnosis and development of disease, as well as the discovery of drug targets. The paper summarized and analyzed the progress and prospects of structured lipids and signal lipids in bronchial pneumonia, asthma, acute lung injury, pulmonary fibrosis and other respiratory diseases in recent years. We focus on the structure lipid including phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, sphingolipids, and signaling lipids including eicosanoids (such as prostaglandins), thromboxanes, leukotrienes, lipoxins, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, isoprostanes and so on. Take together, lipidomics are developing rapidly, and analysis techniques will also further promote its research and clinical application.