父母育儿因素与学龄前儿童功能性便秘的关系研究

目的 分析学龄前儿童功能性便秘与父母育儿因素的关系，以期为功能性便秘的预防与早期干预提供参考。方法 选取2020年9月至2021年3月在青岛大学附属医院儿童保健门诊就诊的功能性便秘儿童108例为研究对象，同时选取本院正常体检的324例健康儿童作为对照组，采用一般情况调查表、育儿压力量表、家庭教养方式问卷及儿童喂养问卷进行问卷调查。结果 母亲或父母均有便秘病史（OR=2.877，95%CI:1.390~5.953；OR =8.950，95%CI:2.297~34.866）、孩子兄弟姐妹便秘病史（OR=2.109，95%CI:1.483~3.000）、不良排便习惯（OR=3.780，95%CI:1.949~7.329）、排便不顺利时责备儿童（OR=4.719，95%CI:1.963~11.347）、育儿压力（OR=1.917，95%CI:1.314~2.795）、专制型家庭教养方式（OR=2.064，95%CI:1.257~3.391）、逼迫进食（OR =1.585，95%CI:1.112~2.260）是学龄前儿童功能性便秘的相关危险因素。父子互动>2h是儿童功能性便秘发生的独立保护因素（OR=0.240，95%CI:0.078~0.741）。结论 学龄前期儿童功能性便秘的发生与父母育儿因素有着密切联系，医务人员应增加对育儿层面的关注，增加对父母育儿压力的评估，指导家长形成正确的家庭教养方式，增加父子互动时间，并采取科学合理的喂养行为与排便训练行为，从而预防功能性便秘的发生，促进儿童身心健康发展。

Association between parental factors and functional constipation in preschoolers

To explore the parental factors of functional constipation in preschoolers, and to provide data and basis for the prevention and early intervention of functional constipation. Methods Totally 108 preschoolers with functional constipation who were admitted to the Children’s Health Care Clinic of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were selected as research objects from September 2020 to March 2021, and 324 healthy children who had normal physical examination were selected as the control group. The general situation questionnaire, parenting stress scale, family rearing style questionnaire and child feeding questionnaire were used in this study. Results The history of constipation in mothers or parents(OR=2.877, 95%CI: 1.390-5.953; OR=8.950, 95%CI: 2.297-34.866), the history of constipation in the child’s siblings(OR=2.109, 95%CI: 1.483-3.000), bad defecation habits(OR=3.780, 95%CI: 1.949-7.329), a blame given to a child when a bowel movement was not smooth(OR=4.719, 95%CI: 1.963-11.347), parenting stress(OR=1.917, 95%CI: 1.314-2.795), authoritarian family rearing style(OR=2.064, 95%CI: 1.257-3.391), forced feeding(OR=1.585, 95%CI: 1.112-2.260) were the related risk factors of functional constipation in preschoolers. Father-child interaction time greater than 2 hours(OR=0.240, 95%CI: 0.078-0.741) was an independent protective factor for children with functional constipation. Conclusion The occurrence of functional constipation in preschool children is closely related to parental factors. In order to prevent the occurrence of functional constipation and promote the development of children’s healthy body and mind, medical staff should pay more attention to parenting factors, increase the evaluation of parental pressure, guide parents to form a correct way of family style, increase the time of father-child interaction and adopt scientific and reasonable feeding behavior and defecation training behavior.