放射诊断受检者个人放射防护用品使用效果研究

目的 研究受检者个人防护用品使用实际效果，为个人防护用品的正确使用和放射卫生行政执法提供参考和依据。方法 选取青岛市立医院影像科2022年2-6月接受X射线影像检查[口腔全景、牙片摄影、数字X射线摄影（DR）、CT扫描]受检者170例，其中，口腔全景、牙片摄影受检者各25例，CT扫描检查受检者60例、DR影像检查的受检者60例。使用热释光剂量计对170例受检者使用个人防护用品遮挡敏感部位时关注点的周围剂量当量进行检测，分析上述影像检查常规使用个人防护用品时的关注点检测数据。结果 受检者进行口腔全景时大领铅围脖内外相同点位周围剂量当量差异有统计学意义（t=-2.23，P<0.05）；进行牙片摄影时大领铅围脖内外相同点位周围剂量当量差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；进行DR摄影（胸部正位、侧位和腰椎正位）时为受检者佩戴铅围裙，其中儿童胸部正位与成人胸部侧位铅围裙内外相同点位周围剂量当量差异有统计学意义（U=10.00、19.00，P<0.05），成人胸部正位与腰椎正位铅围裙内外相同点位周围剂量当量差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；进行CT扫描（胸部或上腹部）时，包裹式铅围裙内外相同点位周围剂量当量差异有统计学意义（U=878.50、11.00，P<0.05）。结论 受检者个人防护用品的正确使用是复杂的技术问题，全面准确理解辐射防护最优化原则正确落实受检者个人防护用品的使用非常重要，受检者个人防护用品使用方面的放射卫生行政处罚应慎重。

Study on the effect of personal radiological protective equipment used in diagnostic radiology

Objective To study the actual effect of the use of personal protective equipment of the examined individuals, and provide reference and basis for the correct use of personal protective equipment and the radiological health administrative law enforcement.Methods From February to June 2022, the imaging department of Qingdao Municipal Hospital selected 170 patients who underwent X-ray imaging examination (oral panoramic, dental radiography, DR photography, CT scanning), including 25 with oral panoramic and dental radiography, 60 with CT scanning and 60 with DR imaging. The thermoluminescent dosimeter was used to detect the ambient dose equivalent at the point of concern for 170 examined individuals who have used personal protective equipment to cover their sensitive parts, and to analyze the data detected at the same point as above when routinely using the same equipment.Results There was a statistically significant difference in the dose equivalent at the same points inside and outside the lead neckband (t=-2.23, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the dose equivalent at the same point inside and outside the lead collar during dental radiography (P>0.05). During DR photography (chest PA, lateral and lumbar AP), the examined individuals were wearing lead aprons. Among them, there was a statistically significant difference in the dose equivalent at the same points inside and outside the lead aprons of children''s chest PA and adults'' chest PA (U=10.00,19.00,P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the dose equivalent at the same points inside and outside the lead aprons of adult''s chest PA and lumbar AP (P>0.05). When performing CT scan (chest or upper abdomen), there was a statistically significant difference in the dose equivalent at the same points of wrapped lead aprons(U=878.50,11.00,P<0.05).Conclusions The correct use of personal protective equipment is a complex technical problem. It is very important to fully and accurately understand the optimization principle of radiation protection and correctly use personal protective equipment for the examined individuals. The administrative punishment of radiation health on the use of personal protective equipment of the examined individuals should be cautious.