基于手机应用软件的健康教育对女大学生HPV疫苗的认知和接种意愿的干预效果评价

目的 了解女大学生群体HPV疫苗接种率和对HPV疫苗的认知和接种意愿，探讨基于手机应用软件的健康教育对其认知和接种意愿的干预效果。方法 2020年3-4月期间选取山西省某高校本科一年级的女性学生作为研究对象，研究对象被随机分为干预组和对照组。干预组接受连续7天基于手机应用软件的健康教育，对照组不接受任何干预。7天后，评估干预组和对照组对HPV疫苗的认知水平和接种意愿。结果 共402名女大学生完成基线和7天后问卷调查。干预前，仅1.19%的学生接种过HPV疫苗。培训后，96.0%、91.2%和93.0%的学生表示听说过HPV、HPV相关疾病和HPV疫苗，显著高于对照组（86.6%、73.6%和79.1%，P值均≤0.001）。但培训后，学生接种HPV疫苗的意愿并未显著提升（干预组为30.0%，对照组为24.5%，P=0.217）。拒绝接种HPV疫苗的原因是怀疑疫苗的安全性和有效性、定期接种太麻烦、害怕针刺痛、尚无性生活。结论 通过手机应用软件开展针对HPV疫苗的健康教育是一种简便、可行、有效的方式，能有效提高女大学生群体对HPV疫苗的认知和接受度。在疫情常态化管控下，该方式能为开展公众健康教育提供新方案。

The utility of mobile phone-based intervention in promoting awareness and willingness to uptake human papillomavirus vaccine among female college students

To understand the human papillomavirus(HPV) vaccine uptake, awareness and willingness to receive HPV vaccination among female college students, and to explore the intervention effect of a mobile phone-based health education on their awareness and willingness to be vaccinated. Methods First-year female students from a university in Shanxi province were selected and randomly divided into intervention group and control group from March to April 2020. The students in the intervention group received 7 days of health education based on mobile phone applications, while the control group received no intervention. Seven days later, students in the intervention group and the control group were assessed for their awareness and willingness of HPV vaccination. Results Before the intervention, only 1.19% of female college students had received HPV vaccine. A total of 402 female college students completed both the baseline and 7 days later questionnaires. After 7 days of training, students in the intervention group had higher awareness and willingness of HPV vaccine than those in the control group. College students rejected the HPV vaccine because of concerning about the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine, the inconvenience of regular vaccination, fear of needling pain, and not having sex. Conclusion Mobile phone-based health education on HPV vaccines is an easy, feasible and effective way to improve the awareness and acceptance of HPV vaccination among female college students. Under the normal control of the COVID-19 epidemic, this method may provide a new way for public health education.