江西省40岁及以上常住居民脑卒中高危人群及其危险因素流行现状分析

目的 掌握江西省脑卒中高危人群及其危险因素流行现状。方法 采用整群随机抽样方法，抽取40岁及以上常住居民33 044人，通过询问调查、身体测量、实验室检测等方式收集信息。结果 江西省40岁及以上常住居民脑卒中高危人群检出率20.46%（标化率18.85%），城市高于乡镇（20.86% vs 19.96%，Wald χ2 = 8.160）；男性高于女性（26.58% vs 16.23%，Wald χ2 = 475.506）；随着年龄增加而上升（χ2趋势 = 415.703）；在不同婚烟状态、文化程度、职业和人均收入间均存在差异。高危人群危险因素暴露率前五位依次为高血压（81.14%）、血脂异常（70.07%）、缺乏运动（43.89%）、吸烟（33.40%）和脑卒中家族史（31.89%）；男性较女性吸烟暴露率高，而女性高血压、糖尿病、房颤或瓣膜性心脏病、肥胖、缺乏运动、既往短暂性脑缺血发作史等检出率则高于男性；城市高危人群中血脂异常、糖尿病、房颤或瓣膜性心脏病、肥胖等暴露率较乡镇高；而吸烟、缺乏运动则乡镇高于城市。结论 江西省40岁及以上常住居民脑卒中高危人群比重大、危险因素暴露水平高。

Prevalence and risk factors of stroke high-risk population among residents aged over 40 years in Jiangxi Province

Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of stroke high-risk population and the prevalence of risk factors in Jiangxi Province. Methods We collected 33 044 permanent residents aged 40 years and older using cluster random sampling. The relevant information was collected by inquiry survey, physical measurement and laboratory test. Results In Jiangxi Province, the detectable rate of stroke high-risk population among permanent residents aged 40 years and older was20.46%(standardized rate 18.85%), which was higher in cities than in towns(20.86% vs 19.96%, Wald χ2=8.160). The detectable rate in males was higher than that in females(26.58% vs 16.23%, Wald χ2=475.506), which was increased with age(χ2 trend= 415.703). The differences among different marriage status, education level, occupation and personal capita income were all statistically significant. The top five exposure rates of risk factors for stroke high-risk groups in Jiangxi Province were hypertension(81.14%), dyslipidemia(70.07%), lack of exercise(43.89%), smoking(33.40%) and family history of stroke(31.89%). The smoking prevalence was higher among men than among women, and hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation or valvular heart disease, obesity, lack of physical activity, and history of previous transient ischemic attacks were higher in females than in males. The exposure rates of dyslipidemia, diabetes, atrial fibrillation or valvular heart disease, and obesity were higher in cities than those in towns. The exposure rate such as smoking and lack of exercise were higher in towns than that in cities. Conclusion The proportion of people at risk of stroke and the level of exposure to risk factors among permanent residents aged 40 years and older in Jiangxi Province are high.