深度贫困地区乡镇卫生院医疗服务能力现状研究——以凉山彝族自治州为例

目的 通过调查凉山州乡镇卫生院医疗服务能力现状，为民族贫困地区乡镇卫生院发展提供参考依据。方法 采用问卷和访谈相结合的方式对乡镇卫生院医疗服务情况进行分析。结果 人力资源方面，样本卫生院每千人口卫技人员不足3人，每平方公里卫技人员不足1人；临床科室设置中，一般卫生院仅有全科医疗科开展率超过50%，中心卫生院开展率超过50%的分别为输液室、内科、全科医疗科、预检分诊室（台）、妇（产）科；医技科室设置中，50%以上的中心和一般卫生院设置了药房（中西药房合并）、B超室、检验科、心电图室；疾病诊疗中，仅3个卫生院开展疾病数超过50种，各科室中仅内科疾病开展较好；诊疗人次方面，样本乡镇卫生院2015—2017年院均诊疗人次呈上升趋势，而2017—2019年呈下降趋势，2017年在近五年达到最高水平，其中中心卫生院为6312.05人次，一般卫生院为2208.74人次。结论 卫生院卫技人员存量不足、专业技术水平有限，临床和医技科室设置较少，医疗服务能力受限，且呈萎缩趋势。

Research on the current situation of medical service capacity of township hospitals in severely impoverished areas-taking Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture as an example

To provide a reference basis for the development of township hospitals in poverty-stricken ethnic areas by investigating the status of medical service capacity of township hospitals in Liangshan Prefecture. Methods Questionnaires and interviews were used to analyze the medical services in township hospitals.Results In terms of human resources, the number of health technicians in sample health centers less than 3 per thousand population, the number of health technicians less than 1 per square kilometer. In the setting of clinical departments, only general medical departments in general hospitals have a opening rate of more than 50%, while those in central hospitals have a opening rate of more than 50%, which respectively infusion rooms, internal medicine, general medical departments, pre-examination sub-offices and gynecology departments.In the setting of medical technology departments, more than 50% of the central and general health centers have pharmacies(combined Chinese and Western pharmacies), B-ultrasound rooms, laboratory departments and electrocardiogram rooms. In the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, only 3 health centers carried out more than 50 kinds of diseases. In each department, only internal diseases carried out well. In terms of umber of visits, the number of patients in the sample township hospitals was on the rise from 2015 to 2017, while it was on the decline from 2017 to 2019. In 2017, it reached the highest level in the past five years, among which the number of visits in central hospitals was 6 312.05 and the number in general hospitals was 2 208.74.Conclusion There are insufficient health technicians, limited professional and technical level, few clinical and medical technology departments, The capacity of medical services is inadequate and tends to shrink.