云南省农村地区早产及其影响因素研究

目的 基于云南省国家免费孕前优生健康检查项目大数据，探索云南省农村地区早产发生情况及影响因素，为早产防治提供科学依据。方法 对2010—2019年十年间云南省参加免费孕前优生健康检查且随访结局为活产的278 760对夫妇进行早产率分布及影响因素logistic回归分析。结果 云南省农村地区早产率为4.49%，年龄越大、文化程度越低、经济水平越差的早产率越高并呈现逐年增高趋势，高龄妊娠、小学及以下文化、少数民族、深度贫困、厌食蔬菜、饮酒、贫血、高血压、风疹病毒IgG阴性、偏瘦、肥胖均是早产危险因素，服用叶酸是保护因素。结论 强化贫困地区、少数民族地区健康教育，孕前控制血压、治疗贫血，孕期合理膳食控制体重、增补叶酸、戒烟戒酒改变不良生活方式可以有效预防早产发生。

Preterm birth and influencing factors in rural areas of Yunnan Province

Objective To explore the occurrence and influencing factors of preterm birth in rural areas of Yunnan Province based on the big data of the national free preconception eugenics health screening program in Yunnan Province, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of preterm birth. Methods Logistic regression analysis was performed on the distribution and influencing factors of preterm birth rate in 278 760 couples who participated in free prepregnancy health examination and had live birth after follow-up in Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2019. Results The preterm birth rate in rural areas of Yunnan Province was 4.49%. With the advancement in age, lower education level, and poorer economic level, the preterm birth rate increased and showed an upward trend year by year. Advanced pregnancy,elementary school and below education, ethnic minorities, deep poverty, anorexia of vegetables, alcohol consumption, anemia,hypertension, rubella virus IgG negative, thinness, and obesity were risk factors for preterm birth. Taking folic acid was a protective factor. Conclusion Strengthening health education in poor and ethnic minority areas, controlling blood pressure and treating anemia before pregnancy, controlling weight with reasonable diet during pregnancy, taking folic acid and changing bad lifestyle by quitting smoking and alcohol can effectively prevent the occurrence of preterm birth.