子宫内膜异位症的分子病因学研究现状

子宫内膜异位症(EMS)是子宫内膜腺体和基质种植于子宫以外的一种雌激素依赖性疾病，是引起该病患者盆腔疼痛和不孕的常见因素。EMS的发病机制迄今尚未完全阐明，是妇产科临床和基础研究的热点。目前研究认为，EMS发病的分子机制不纯粹是某一生物学特征异常，尚涉及腹膜侵袭、血管形成、细胞凋亡、细胞黏附及自噬等方面，并且某一信号通路异常，参与EMS发病过程的各个环节，而涉及整个通路调控网络异常。笔者拟从腹膜的侵袭、血管形成、细胞凋亡、细胞黏附、自噬等方面，对EMS的分子病因学最新研究进展进行阐述。

Current research status on molecular etiology of endometriosis

Endometriosis (EMS) is an estrogen-dependent disease in which the glands and stroma of the endometrium grow outside the uterus and is a common cause of pelvic pain and infertility. Pathogenesis of EMS has not yet been fully understood, and it is a hot topic in clinical and basic research of obstetrics and gynecology. Current studies results have shown that the molecular mechanism of EMS is not simply an abnormality of some biological characteristics. It involves the invasion of endometrium into peritoneum, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell adhesion, autophagy and other aspects. This article focuses on latest research progresses of molecular etiology of EMS from the aspects of invasion of endometrium into peritoneum, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell adhesion, autophagy and so on.