合并颈动脉狭窄的冠状动脉搭桥发生围手术期缺血性 脑卒中的常见因素分析

目的：分析同时合并有颈动脉疾病的冠心病患者围手术期发生缺血性脑卒中的常见因素，以提高对该类 疾病的治疗效果。方法：收集2008年至2014年厦门大学附属第一医院收治的44例多支冠状动脉病变合并颈动脉狭窄 的患者，其中男性32例，女性12例。所有患者在处理颈部病变后再接受冠状动脉旁路移植术。对其手术效果及随访 结果进行回顾性分析。结果：1例接受颈动脉内膜剥脱术的患者术后出现偏瘫，经治疗后临床症状改善。短暂性脑缺 血发作1例，5例患者在术后1周再发脑血管后循环梗死。12例患者术后48 h内出现神经损伤表现。早期使用主动脉内 球囊反搏9例，二次开胸止血1例，胸骨哆开3例；术后早期出现心房颤动27例。总计死亡2例。随访1~7年，随访率为 90%，44例患者脑缺血症状获得不同程度的改善。6例患者诉心绞痛症状再发，但复查冠状动脉造影或冠状动脉CT血 管造影无异常发现，随访期间1例患者因恶性肿瘤死亡。结论：接受冠状动脉搭桥手术的患者一旦合并颈动脉疾病， 其缺血性脑卒中发生的概率更高，但颈动脉狭窄并不是该类患者发生围手术期卒中的唯一原因，其他危险因素同样 不容忽视。

Common factors for ischemic cerebral stroke in coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with concomitant carotid and coronary artery severe stenosis

Objective: To analyze two common factors for perioperative ischemic stroke in patients with concomitant carotid and coronary artery severe stenosis and to improve the therapeutic eff ect. Methods: A total of 44 patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease combined with carotid stenosis, who admitted to the Department of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from 2008 to 2014, were enrolled in this study. Among them, 32 cases were male, 12 cases was female. All patients received coronary artery bypass grafting after treatment of neck diseases. The surgical outcomes and follow-up results were analyzed retrospectively. Results: One patient received carotid endarterectomy suffered hemiplegia, whose symptoms were improved after positive clinical treatment. One patient suffered transient ischemic attack, and 5 patients displayed the cerebrovascular syndromes a week later after surgery. Twelve patients suffered nerve function damage 48 hours later after surgery. Nine patients received intra-aortic ballon pump, 1 patient received thoracotomy hemostasis, 3 patients suffered sternal dehiscence; 27 patients showed atrial fibrillation. Two patients died after surgery. The follow-up duration ranged from 1–7 years and the follow-up rate was 90%. The ischemic symptoms were improved in 44 patients. Six patients complained the recurrence of angina, but no abnormalities were found in coronary angiography or computed tomography angiography. One patient died of malignant tumor during the follow-up duration. Conclusion: For patients with concomitant carotid and coronary artery severe stenosis, it is more likely to suffer ischemic cerebral stroke. However, carotid stenosis is not the only factor, other key factors relevant to ischemic cerebral stroke shouldn’t be ignored either.