云南省17县(市)褐家鼠体表寄生吸虱调查

目的了解云南省褐家鼠（Rattus norvegicus）体表吸虱寄生状况、种类组成、优势虱种、吸虱群落结构及其空间分布、年龄结构和性比特征。方法选择云南省17县（市）作为调查点，用鼠茏加食饵诱捕褐家鼠，用“全捕法”采集其体表全部吸虱。吸虱群落结构用丰富度（S）、Shannon—Wiener多样性指数（H）、均匀度（J）及优势指数（C）描述。吸虱空间分布格局用分布型指数中的扩散系数（C）、Cassie指数（CA）、丛生指数（I）及聚块指数（m^＊／m）测定。结果在捕获的872只褐家鼠体表共计采集到4种吸虱（7998只），物种丰富度及生物多样性都很低。棘多板虱在整个吸虱群落中占绝对优势，相对优势度Dr为89．12％。吸虱在褐家鼠体表的分布表现为聚集型分布格局，其生活史时期均以雌雄成虫为主，雌雄合计占64．18％，雌雄性比为1．85。结论褐家鼠体表吸虱种类比较单一，群落结构简单，吸虱在宿主体表的寄生呈高度聚集性，雌性高于雄性。褐家鼠体表吸虱种类单一、群落结构简单、优势种明显。显示褐家鼠及其体表寄生吸虱之间的协同进化程度较高。

Investigation and analysis of sucking lice on the body surface of Rattus norvegicus in 17 counties (towns) of Yunnan, China

Objective To investigate the basic information of sucking lice on the body surface of Rattus norvegicus (a dominant species of wild rats in Yunnan, China), including the louse species constitution and distribution, the dominant louse species, the louse community structure, the spatial pattern, the age structure and the sex ratio of sucking lice in different habitats. Methods Rattus norvegicus (the host of lice) were captured with mouse traps in 17 counties (or towns) of Yunnan. All the lice on the body surface of their hosts were completely collected. Richness (S), diversity index (H'), evenness (J') and dominance index (C') were used to illustrate the community structure of sucking lice on their hosts in the light of Shannon - Wiener's method. Disperse coefficient ( C ), Cassie index (CA), clumping index (I) and patch index ( m */m) were adopted to measure the spatial distribution pattern of sucking lice. Results Only 4 species of sucking lice (7 998 individuals) were collected from 872 Rattus norvegicus which were captured in the field investigation. Polyplax spinulosa (burmeister, 1 839) was the dominant species with 89.12% of relative dominance ( Dr ). The species diversity of sucking louse was very low. The results showed an aggregated spatial distribution pattern of the lice among the different individuals of the rat hosts in different habitats. The female and male louse adults accounted for 64.18% of the whole life stages while the sex ratio of the female to male lice reached 1.85:1. Conclusion The sucking louse community on Rattus norvegicus is very simple with few louse species. The dominant louse species on Rattus norvegicus is Polyplax spinulosa. The distribution of the sucking lice on Rattus norvegicus is of an aggregated distribution with more female adults. The simple louse community with low species diversity and prominent louse species suggest that a high coevolution exists between Rattus norvigicus and their permanent ectoparasites, sucking lice.