黎族与汉族农村学生体质状况比较

目的比较黎族与汉族7～18岁农村学生身体形态、生理功能和运动素质发育现状及特点，探讨可能的影响因素及采取有效措施促进不同民族中小学生体质发展。方法利用2000年全国学生体质调研数据，对黎族和农村汉族7～18岁学生的形态、机能以及耐力、爆发力、肌力和柔韧性等素质指标均值进行比较，并作统计检验。结果黎族与海南农村汉族学生体格发育水平相近，与全国农村汉族学生相比体型瘦弱；肺功能发育显著低于全国水平；与海南农村汉族学生相比，素质发育各具优势和特点。黎族男生斜身引体及女生仰卧起坐显著好于海南农村汉族学生，较高年龄组柔韧性也有显著优势；海南农村汉族学生在耐力素质上表现突出。结论应根据黎族与农村汉族学生各自的体质发育优势和特点，有针对性地进行营养、体育锻炼等方面的干预，以提高其体质健康水平。

Comparative Study on Physical Constitution of Rural Students Between Li and Han Nationality

Objective To compare the characteristics of morphology, physical constitution and motor indices of rural students between Li and Han nationalities,and to explore the efficient factors to promote students constitution development.Methods The indices of students' morphology, physical function, endurance, muscle power and flexibility were compared between two different nationalities by using the Chinese national survey on students' physical constitution in 2000.Results The morphological constitutions of Li nationality students were almost the same as Han nationality in rural areas of Hainan province, but they were slimmer and their level of vital capacity was lower than the Han nation nality students in rural.Compared with Han nationality,boy's chin-ups and girls' sit-ups were better.The older students of Li nationality performed better on flexibility,while Han students better on endurance in Hainan rural area.Conclusion Interventions on nutrition and physical exercise should be implemented to improve students' health according to the different characteristics of them.