多囊性发育不良肾与多囊肾的超声鉴别

目的探讨多囊性发育不良肾（MCDK）的声像特征及其与多囊肾的鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析35例多囊性发育不良肾的声像特征。结果35例患肾均为单侧。患肾丧失正常的实质和肾窦结构，代之以数目、大小不等，互不相通杂陈之囊泡。各年龄组患肾的长径、厚径均小于对侧健肾，除1～3岁组患、健肾的厚径外，其余差异均具统计学意义（p〈0．05）。本组其它泌尿系发育异常伴发率20％。结论超声可从是否为单侧肾病变及患肾的大小、形态、囊泡形态和是否伴发其它泌尿系畸形等方面对MCDK与多囊肾鉴别，可作为MCDK诊断和随访首选的影像学检查.

The ultrasonographic differential diagnosis of multicystic dysplastic kidney and polycystic kidney

Objective To investigate the sonographic features of multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) and the differentiation between MCDK and polycystic kidney. Methods Sonographic feaures of 35 cases of MCDK were retrospectively studied. Results The lesion of MCDK was unilateral and the renal parenchyma was replaced by randomly distributed cysts of variable number and size. The length and thickness of the affected kidney were significantly shorter than that of the contralateral healthy kidney m different age-graded groups (p<0.05), except the thickness in 1-3yr group. The incidence of associated urological anomalies was 20% in these cases. Conclusion Ultrasonography can differentially diagnose the MCDK from polycystic kidney based on the size, shape of the affected kidney and the cysts and whether the lesion is unilateral and associated with other urological abnormalities. Ultrasonography can be act as the first line imaging method in the diagnosis and follow up of MCDK.