Tubal ligation in relation to menopausal symptoms and breast cancer risk |
| |
| Authors: | H B Nichols D D Baird L A DeRoo G E Kissling D P Sandler |
| |
| Institution: | 1.Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, PO Box 12233, 111 TW Alexander Drive, MD A3-05, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;2.Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA |
| |
| Abstract: | Background: Local inflammation after tubal ligation may affect ovarian function and breast cancer risk.Methods: We analysed tubal ligation, menopausal characteristics, and breast cancer risk in the Sister Study cohort (N=50 884 women).Results: Tubal ligation was associated with hot flashes (hazard ratio (HR) 1.09; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–1.12) but not menopausal age (HR 0.99; 95% CI: 0.96–1.02). Tubal ligation did not have an impact on breast cancer overall (HR 0.95; 95% CI: 0.85–1.06), but had a suggested inverse relation with oestrogen receptor+/progesterone receptor+ invasive tumours (HR 0.84; 95% CI: 0.70–1.01), possibly because of subsequent hysterectomy/bilateral oophorectomy.Conclusion: Tubal ligation does not influence overall breast cancer risk. |
| |
| Keywords: | breast cancer hot flashes menopause tubal ligation |
|
|
