女性乳腺癌危险因素的成组病例对照研究

目的探讨女性乳腺癌的危险因素，为建立有效的预防控制措施提供依据。方法采用成组病例对照研究方法，调查经组织病理学确诊为乳腺癌的女性病例116名及社区居民来源的健康女性对照240名。用统一设计的调查问卷获取病例和对照与乳腺癌相关危险因素的信息。采用非条件Logistic回归进行单因素和多因素分析。结果多因素分析结果显示，与乳腺癌发病有关的变量为乳癌家族史、吸烟和／或被动吸烟、生活事件刺激量大，OR值（95％CI）分别为2．571（2．019～4．951）、1．839（1．491～4．294）和3．871（2．681～6．598）；对乳腺癌有保护作用的变量是定期乳房自检和定期锻炼，OR值（95％CI）分别为0．521（0．289～0．761）和0．697（0．427～0．819）。结论乳癌家族史、吸烟和／或被动吸烟、生活事件刺激量大是乳腺癌的危险因素，定期乳房自检和定期锻炼是乳腺癌的保护因素。

A Case-control Study in Groups on Risk Factors of Breast Cancer

Objective To investigate the major risk factors of female breast cancer in Chengdu,a case control study in groups was designed. Methods 116 breast cancer patients with histopathological diagnosis and 240 healthy community controls were included. All data were collected with a unified questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the significant risk factors. Results Active smoking and/or passive smoking, family history of breast cancer and stimulus quantity of life event were related to the incidence of breast cancer,the ORs（95%CI） were 2. 571 （2. 019-4. 951）,1.839（1.491-4.294）,3.871（2.681-6.598） respectively. The analyses showed that regular breast self-inspection and regular physical exercises can decrease risk of breast cancer,the ORs （95%CI） were 0. 521（0. 289-0. 761） and 0. 697（0. 427-0. 819） respectively. Conclusion Active smoking and/or passive smoking,family history of breast cancer and large stimulus quantity of life event are risk factors for breast cancer,while regular breast self-inspection and regular physical exercises have beneficial effects of protecting individuals from breast cancer.