Animal sleep: a review of sleep duration across phylogeny |
| |
Authors: | S S Campbell I Tobler |
| |
Affiliation: | 1. Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich Germany;2. Institute of Pharmacology, University of Zurich Switzerland |
| |
Abstract: | Sleep duration and placement within the twenty-four hour day have been primary indices utilized in the examination of sleep function. It is of value, therefore, to evaluate these variables in a wide range of animal species. The present paper examines the literature concerning sleep duration in over 150 animal species, including invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and 14 orders of mammals. We first present annotations of almost 200 studies, including number of animals used, photoperiod employed, sleep duration per twenty-four hours and placement of sleep period within the nychthemeron. Both behavioral and electrographic studies are reviewed, as are laboratory and field studies. These data are subsequently presented in a table with representative literature citations for each species. Following the table, a brief discussion is presented concerning some methodological issues which may affect the measurement of sleep duration and some suggestions are made for future examination of sleep duration. |
| |
Keywords: | Sleep Sleep duration Sleep placement Behavior EEG Animals Phylogeny |
本文献已被 ScienceDirect PubMed 等数据库收录! |
|