2009年贵州省燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒病区防氟铁炉使用情况调查

目的 调查贵州省燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒(简称地氟病)病区防氟铁炉的使用情况,为地氟病防治项目管理提供依据.方法 按<贵州省地氟病防治项目铁炉调查方案>,在2005-2008年实施地氟病防治项目改良铁炉的18个县,每个项目年度每个县抽取2个乡,每个乡抽取2个村,每个村调查10户项目户.问卷调查内容包括改良铁炉的使用情况及项目户防治地氟病健康知识知晓情况.结果 ①改良铁炉完成率为100.00%(1286/1286).②改良铁炉总体使用率为94.09%(1210/1286),其中冬季使用率为62.21%(800/1286),全年使用率为31.88%(410/1286).③不使用改良铁炉的项目户中有46.05%(35/76)是由于改用其他清洁能源,此外有19.74%(15/76)是将铁炉转送或变卖、有14.47%(11/76)是由于仍习惯使用敞灶、有13.16%(10/76)是由于煤价过高、有6.58%(5/76)是由于改良铁炉满足不了生活需求而不再使用.④对1261户项目户进行人户调查,铁炉损坏率为24.58%(310/1261),铁炉部件的损坏主要是烟囱和炉芯,分别占损坏部件的51.94%(161/310)和29.03%(90/310).铁炉损坏部件修复率达32.58%(101/310).⑤用问卷调查了1286户项目户,防治地氟病健康知识知晓率为82.74%(1064/1286),对改良铁炉的满意率为88.65%(1140/1286).结论 贵州省实施燃煤污染型地氟病防治项目改良的铁炉符合病区群众生活习惯,基本能满足病区群众的生活需求,绝大多数项目户仍在使用改良的铁炉,摈弃了过去使用的敞灶,但仍需进一步加强项目的 后期管理和强化健康教育干预工作,建立和完善炉灶维修网点,使燃煤污染型地氟病可持续控制.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the usage of fluorine-proof iron stove in regions with coal-burning borne endemic fluorosis of Guizhou province and to provide scientific basis for the project management. Methods According to "the local prevention programs against coal-burning borne endemic fluorosis-Guizhou iron stove usage survey scheme", in the 18 counties implemented the project of improving the iron stove from 2005 to 2008, 2 townships were selected randomly in each county of each project annually, 2 villages were selected in each township randomly, and 10 households were checked in each village. The project households were investigated using questionnaire of the related health knowledge and awareness as well as the satisfaction of the households.Results ①The improvement rate of iron stove was 100.00%(1286/1286). ②The overall utilization rate of the improved stove was 94.09% (1210/1286), in which winter was 62.21% (800/1286) and annual was 31.88%(410/1286). ③Among the households that did not use the project stove, 46.05%(35/76) households was due to switch to other clean energy, in addition, 19.74%(15/76) was due to sell or send to other households, and 14.47%(11/76) was still used to use the open kitchen without the ventilating pipe, and still 13.16%(10/76) was due to high coal prices, and 6.58%(5/76) was due to that the improved stove can not meet the needs of life and no longer used. ④Amoag 1261 households investigated, households with damaged furnace was 24.58%(310/1261 ), and the parts damaged were mainly chimney (ventilating pipe) and the furnace core, accounting for 51.94%(161/310) and 29.03%(90/310), respectively. Repair rate of the damaged parts was 32.58%(101/310). ⑤The health knowledge rate was about 82.74% (1064/1286), and the satisfaction of the iron furnace was 88.65% (1140/1286).Conclusions The improved stoves for the prevention of endemic fluorosis in the diseased area meet the people's living habits, and meet their basic livelihood needs. Most project households are still using the improved furnace.But we still need to further strengthen the project management and the health education intervention, establish and improve stove maintenance network, and reach the goal of sustainable control of coal-burning borne endemic fluorosis.

Usage of fluorine-proof furnace in areas with coal-burning borne endemic fluorosis in Guizhou province in 2009

Objective To investigate the usage of fluorine-proof iron stove in regions with coal-burning borne endemic fluorosis of Guizhou province and to provide scientific basis for the project management. Methods According to "the local prevention programs against coal-burning borne endemic fluorosis-Guizhou iron stove usage survey scheme", in the 18 counties implemented the project of improving the iron stove from 2005 to 2008, 2 townships were selected randomly in each county of each project annually, 2 villages were selected in each township randomly, and 10 households were checked in each village. The project households were investigated using questionnaire of the related health knowledge and awareness as well as the satisfaction of the households.Results ①The improvement rate of iron stove was 100.00%(1286/1286). ②The overall utilization rate of the improved stove was 94.09% (1210/1286), in which winter was 62.21% (800/1286) and annual was 31.88%(410/1286). ③Among the households that did not use the project stove, 46.05%(35/76) households was due to switch to other clean energy, in addition, 19.74%(15/76) was due to sell or send to other households, and 14.47%(11/76) was still used to use the open kitchen without the ventilating pipe, and still 13.16%(10/76) was due to high coal prices, and 6.58%(5/76) was due to that the improved stove can not meet the needs of life and no longer used. ④Amoag 1261 households investigated, households with damaged furnace was 24.58%(310/1261 ), and the parts damaged were mainly chimney (ventilating pipe) and the furnace core, accounting for 51.94%(161/310) and 29.03%(90/310), respectively. Repair rate of the damaged parts was 32.58%(101/310). ⑤The health knowledge rate was about 82.74% (1064/1286), and the satisfaction of the iron furnace was 88.65% (1140/1286).Conclusions The improved stoves for the prevention of endemic fluorosis in the diseased area meet the people's living habits, and meet their basic livelihood needs. Most project households are still using the improved furnace.But we still need to further strengthen the project management and the health education intervention, establish and improve stove maintenance network, and reach the goal of sustainable control of coal-burning borne endemic fluorosis.