动脉压力波形分析技术对二氧化碳气腹心血管效应的评价作用

目的 通过采用动脉压力波形分析技术(FloTrac/Vigileo系统)监测腹腔镜下胆囊切除手术中患者的心功能相关参数的变化,分析二氧化碳(CO2)气腹时高碳酸血症和腹腔内压力对心血管系统的影响.方法 40例ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者采用机械抽样法随机分为两组:定容呼吸组(20例)患者术中保持固定的通气量(潮气量10ml/kg,频率12次/min),非定容呼吸组(20例)患者根据术中动脉血CO2分压(PaCO2)和呼气末CO2分压(PETCO2)来调节呼吸参数以保持其在正常范围.所有患者麻醉诱导前均行左桡动脉穿刺置管,连接FloTrac/Vigileo系统,监测平均动脉压(MAP)、心排血量(CO)、每搏量(SV)和每搏量变异度(SVV).PHILIPS-MP60多功能监护仪监测心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)、PETCO2.血气分析监测PaCO2.结果 定容呼吸组气腹后10、30minHR、MAP、心脏指数(CI)、SVV、PaCO2和PETCO2及气腹后30min每搏量指数(SVI)均显著增高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),气腹结束时SVV[(8±2)%]与插管后5 min[(9±3)%]比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而HR、MAP、CI、SVI、PaCO2和PETCO2显著增高(P＜0.05或＜0.01);非定容呼吸组气腹后10、30 min HR、MAP、CI、SVI、PaCO2和PETCO2与插管后5 min比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),SVV显著高于插管后5min(P＜0.01),气腹结束时SVV[(9±2)%]与插管后5min[(10±2)%]比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与非定容呼吸组比较,定容呼吸组气腹后30 min和气腹结束时HR、CI、SVI、PaCO2、PETCO2均显著增高(P＜0.05或＜0.01).结论 CO2气腹时高碳酸血症的心血管效应主要表现为增加交感活性,造成MAP、HR、CO、SV的增加,而腹腔内压力则主要阻碍腹腔内脏器静脉和下腔静脉的回流造成前负荷的减少.动脉压力波形分析技术能及时反映CO2气腹对心血管系统的影响,有利于腹腔镜手术中呼吸参数的调节和输液管理.

Abstract：

Objective Toinvestigate the effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on cardiovascular system by making use of arterial pressure waveform analysis( FloTrac/Vigileo system) to observe the change of heart function of patients undergoing laparoscopy cholecystotomy. Methods Forty patients scheduled for elective laparoscopy cholecystotomy were divided into two groups with 20 cases each by random sampling.Ventilatory capacity was fixed (tidal volume was 10 ml/kg, frequency was 12 times/min) in group A and adjusted to keep arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) and end expiration carbon dioxide tension(PETCO2)in normal range in group B. The parameters, such as mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output(CO),stroke volume (SV), stroke volume variability (SVV), heart rate(HR), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2),PETCO2, PaCO2 were recorded and analyzed. Results In group A:HR,MAP,CI,SVV,PaCO2 and PETCO2 were increased at 10,30 min after pneumoperitoneum (P ＜0.05 or ＜0.01),there was no significant difference in SVV between the end of pneumoperitoneum and 5 min after intubation [(8 ±2)% vs. (9 ±3 )%](P＞ 0.05 ) ,but HR, MAP, CI,SVI,PaCO2 and PETCO2 increased significantly (P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ). In group B: HR, MAP, CI, SVI, PaCO2 and PETCO2 at 10,30 min after pneumoperitoneum were no changes (P ＞0.05 ), SVV was higher than that at 5 min after intubation (P ＜ 0.01 ), there was no significant difference in SVV between the end of pneumoperitoneum and 5 ain after intubation [(9 ± 2)% vs. ( 10 ± 2)%] (P ＞0.05 ). HR, CI, SVI, PaCO2, PETCO2 at 30 min after pneumoperitoneum and the end of pneumoperitoneun were significantly higher in group A than those in group B (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions During carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum, hypercapnia can increase MAP, HR, CO,SV significantly, and intra abdominal pressure can decrease preload by hindering the reflow of inferior vena cava and abdominal viscera veins. Arterial pressure waveform analysis can promptly reflect the effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on cardiovascular system and be in favour of adjusting the respiration parameters and managing transfusion in laparoscopic surgery.

Evaluation of the effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on cardiovascular system with arterial pressure waveform analysis

Objective Toinvestigate the effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on cardiovascular system by making use of arterial pressure waveform analysis( FloTrac/Vigileo system) to observe the change of heart function of patients undergoing laparoscopy cholecystotomy. Methods Forty patients scheduled for elective laparoscopy cholecystotomy were divided into two groups with 20 cases each by random sampling.Ventilatory capacity was fixed (tidal volume was 10 ml/kg, frequency was 12 times/min) in group A and adjusted to keep arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) and end expiration carbon dioxide tension(PETCO2)in normal range in group B. The parameters, such as mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output(CO),stroke volume (SV), stroke volume variability (SVV), heart rate(HR), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2),PETCO2, PaCO2 were recorded and analyzed. Results In group A:HR,MAP,CI,SVV,PaCO2 and PETCO2 were increased at 10,30 min after pneumoperitoneum (P ＜0.05 or ＜0.01),there was no significant difference in SVV between the end of pneumoperitoneum and 5 min after intubation [(8 ±2)% vs. (9 ±3 )%](P＞ 0.05 ) ,but HR, MAP, CI,SVI,PaCO2 and PETCO2 increased significantly (P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ). In group B: HR, MAP, CI, SVI, PaCO2 and PETCO2 at 10,30 min after pneumoperitoneum were no changes (P ＞0.05 ), SVV was higher than that at 5 min after intubation (P ＜ 0.01 ), there was no significant difference in SVV between the end of pneumoperitoneum and 5 ain after intubation [(9 ± 2)% vs. ( 10 ± 2)%] (P ＞0.05 ). HR, CI, SVI, PaCO2, PETCO2 at 30 min after pneumoperitoneum and the end of pneumoperitoneun were significantly higher in group A than those in group B (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions During carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum, hypercapnia can increase MAP, HR, CO,SV significantly, and intra abdominal pressure can decrease preload by hindering the reflow of inferior vena cava and abdominal viscera veins. Arterial pressure waveform analysis can promptly reflect the effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on cardiovascular system and be in favour of adjusting the respiration parameters and managing transfusion in laparoscopic surgery.