实验用猪急性心肌梗死模型的制备

目的：探讨经皮冠状动脉内球囊封堵法建立实验用猪急性心肌梗死模型的可行性及有效性。方法：健康家猪14只，3～5月龄，体重25～40kg（35．5±6．6）。麻醉后穿刺股动脉，行冠脉造影后沿血管送冠脉球囊至冠状动脉左前降支（LAD）近中段，即第二间隔支动脉分出处。动物随机分为2组，A组动物（n=7）行缺血预适应处理，依次扩张球囊阻断前向血流1、2、5min，每次间隔60s，然后扩张60min，扩张压力为2atm。B组动物（n=7）不行缺血预适应处理，直接扩张球囊阻断前向血流扩张60min，扩张压力为2atm。建立模型前、建立模型后1h行心脏MRI及心电图检查，术中行心电监护。结果：成功建立猪心肌梗死模型12例，B组动物死亡2例。术中共有12例动物发生室颤，其中10例经过电复律等抢救成功转复。12例建模成功动物术中心电图出现急性心肌梗死典型图形变化，术后心脏MRI检查出现间隔及前壁首过灌注缺损，延迟强化。结论：经皮腔内冠脉球囊封堵冠状动脉可以建立实验用猪急性心肌梗死模型，缺血预处理可提高建模成功率。

Establishment of a Swine Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction by Coronary Occlusion with Balloon Angioplasty

Objective To report the experience in establishing a swine model of acute myocardial infarction(AMI) by coronary occlusion with balloon angioplasty.Methods Fourteen pigs aged 3-5 months and weighed 25 kg-40 kg were anesthetized.Balloon angioplasty was positioned in the left anterior descending(LAD) coronary artery at the beginning of the second septal branch.The artery was blocked for 1 min,2 min,5 min by turns,with an interval of 60 seconds every time,as a way of ischemic preconditioning in group A(n=7).Then the balloon was inflated at 2 atm to occlude the LAD for 60 min.The balloon was inflated at 2 atm to occluded the LAD for 60 min without ischemic preconditioning in group B(n=7).ECG and blood pressure were monitored.The ischemic change was comfirmed by MRI.Results Twelve animals were set up the acute myocardial infarction model successfully.Two died of ventricular fibrillation in group B.During operation,twelve pigs generated ventricular fibrillation,among them 10 were salvaged successfully.Ten pigs were confirmed as anterior septal AMI and two was confirmed as widespread anterior AMI by ECG.MRI comfirmed AMI in tweleve pigs.Conclusion Swine model of acute myocardial infarction can be estattished successfully by coronary occlusion with balloon angioplasty.Ischemic preconditioning is necessary to prevent ventricular fibrillation.