组织工程骨材料在运动性骨缺损修复中的评价

目的:评价组织工程化人工骨材料的性能和应用,寻找合理的骨缺损修复材料。方法:以"组织工程,骨缺损,人工骨,纳米材料"为中文关键词;以"tissue engineering,bone defect,artificial bone,biological degradation"为英文关键词,采用计算机检索1993-01/2009-10相关文章。纳入与有关组织工程相关的文章;排除重复研究或Meta分析类文章。以30篇文献为主,重点进行了讨论组织工程纳米级人工骨材料的种类及其性能。结果:可生物降解并具有生物活性的组织工程人工骨材料可作为一种较理想的支架材料应用于骨缺损修复组织工程。修复效果相当或接近自体骨,来源充足,既无免疫排斥反应,又避免取自体骨给患者带来的痛苦和并发症,不影响运动员重返赛场,运动员患者乐于接受。复合材料人工骨在解除运动员患者的后顾之忧的同时,也带来巨大的社会效益。基于纳米羟基磷灰石复合重组人骨形态发生蛋白2制成的支架,不但具有理想的生物相容性、生物降解性和较高的亲和性,而且能提高了骨诱导活性,能够促进新骨的形成。可生物降解并具有生物活性的组织工程人工骨材料在临床使用的初步情况表明,与人体生物相容性良好,无免疫排斥反应,愈合情况良好。结论:骨缺损是常见的运动损伤,一直为运动损伤研究热点。组织工程化骨缺损修复的研究近年来发展迅速,为运动损伤骨缺损修复带来了契机。组织工程复合材料可以发挥不同材料的优势,弥补单一材料的不足,是一种比较理想的支架材料。

Evaluation of materials of bone tissue engineering in athletic bone defects reconstruction

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the disposition and application of tissue-engineered artificial bone materials, in order to find a reasonable repair material for bone defect. METHODS: Taking "tissue engineering, bone defect, artificial bone, nanomaterials" in Chinese, and "tissue engineering, bone defect, artificial bone, biological degradation" in English as search terms, the articles between January 1993 and October 2009 were retrieved by computer. Literatures related to tissue engineering were included, duplicate and Meta-analysis researches were excluded. A total of 30 literatures were involved for analysis of the types and dispositions of tissue engineered artificial bone materials. RESULTS: Biodegradable and bioactive tissue engineered artificial bone materials can be served as an ideal scaffold for tissue engineering of bone defects. The effect of repair was equal or close to autogenous bone, source was sufficient. It had not only immunological rejection, but also avoided the pain and complications of patients by taking autogenous bone. It did not affect the athletes return to the game, players were willing to accept. Composite artificial bone materials liberated athletes from fear of trouble in the rear and brought huge social benefits. Based on the scaffolds prepared by nano-hydroxyapatite combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2, they not only had good biocompatibility, biodegradability and high affinity, but also improved bone induction activity and promoted the formation of new bone. Biodegradable and bioactive tissue engineered artificial bone materials in clinical preliminary studies showed a good biocompatibility with the human body and good healing without immune rejection. CONCLUSION: Bone defect is common sports injury, which has been a hot spot of sports injury research. The research of tissue-engineered bone defect repair has developed rapidly and brings opportunities for the repair of bone defect. Composite tissue engineered materials can play the advantages of different materials to make up for lack of a single material, which is an ideal scaffold material.