表面脱钙骨基质明胶修复大块骨缺损的成骨作用研究

背景大块骨缺损的修复是骨科面临的难题之一,自体骨移植疗效最佳,但来源有限,目前尚缺乏自体骨理想的替代材料.目的探讨表面脱钙骨基质明胶修复大块骨缺损的疗效及替代自体骨的可能性.设计实验研究设计应用完全随机设计的对照实验.临床研究设计应用以诊断为依据的前后对照研究.单位解放军广州军区武汉总医院骨科.对象实验在解放军广州军区武汉总医院实验室及武汉理工大学测试中心完成.实验材料为32只本地产健康雄性成年家兔,体质量2.5 kg,购自湖北省医学科学院.临床研究对象为1991-01/2001-05解放军广州军区武汉总医院骨科收治的大块骨缺损患者31例,男25例,女6例;平均年龄9岁.方法将32只家兔随机分成A,B两组,两组双侧桡骨制成1 cm骨缺损,两组左侧植入表面脱钙骨基质明胶(surface-demineralized bone matrix gelatin,SDBMG),A组右侧植入全脱钙骨基质明胶(wholly demineralized bone matrix gelatin,WDBMG),B组右侧植入自体骨.临床采用人SDBMG治疗大块骨缺损31例.主要观察指标①动物术后定期进行X射线、组织学检查(A组)及生物力学测定(B组).②术后定期进行X射线检查.结果SDBMG呈由表及里的"渐进"诱导成骨过程;SDBMG的骨修复作用与自体骨相近,抗压强度与自体骨侧的差异无显著性意义;临床随访示除1例因适应证选择不当而失败外,其他30例均治愈.结论SDBMG具有良好的成骨作用和可靠的力学性能,可作为自体骨理想的替代材料修复大块骨缺损,但对活动期感染性骨缺损慎用.

Osteogenesis of surface-decalcified bone matrix gelation in the repair of segmental bone defects

BACKGROUND: Repair of segmental bone defects is one of the difficult problems in orthopaedics. Although the therapeutic effect on bone autograft is the best, the source is limited and there is lack of suitable substitutive materials for autologous bone.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the therapeutic effects of surface-decalcified bone matrix gelation(SDBMG) and the substitutive possibility of autologous bone on repair of segmental bone defects.DESIGN: The research was designed as completely randomized controlled experiment. The clinical research was designed as pre- and post-controlled study on the basis of diagnosis.SEETING: Department of Orthopaedics, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area Command.MATERLALS and PARTICIPANTS: The experiment was accomplished in Laboratory of Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area Command, and Testing Center of Wuhan University of Technology. Thirty-two local healthy adult male rabbits were employed as the materials in the experiment, 2.5 kg in body mass, bought from Hubei Academy of Medical Sciences. The clinical subjects were 31 patients(male 25 and female 6, a meanage of 9 years old) with segmental bone defects hospitalized in the Department of Orthopaedics, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area Command during January 1991 to May 2001.METHODS: The 32 rabbits were randomized into group A and group B. The bilateral radial bones were prepared into 1-cm bone defect in both groups. In both groups, SDBMG was grafted on the left side; in Group A, wholly-decalcffied bone matrix gelatin(WDBMG) was grafted on the right side;and in Group B, the autologous bone was grafted on the right side. Human SDBMG was provided to treat 31 cases of segmental bone defects.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Regular X-ray and histological examinations after operation in animals(Group A) and biomechanical deterruination (Group B ). ② Regular X-ray examinations after operation.RESULTS: SDBMG induced osteogenesis process "gradually" from exterior to interior. The bone repair with SDBMG was similar to that with autologous bone, and there was no significant difference in compressive strength compared with autologous bone. After clinical follow-up, except failure in 1 case due to improper selection of indication, the other 30 cases were all cured.CONCLUSION: SDBMG provides satisfactory osteogenesis and reliable mechanical property. It can be taken as the suitable substitutive material for autologons bone in the repair of segmental bone defects. But it is cautious for the application of SDBMG to infective bone defect in the active phase.