对影响初乳分泌各种因素的分析

通过对１６６例婴儿的早期母乳喂养情况分析，发现２６．５％的母亲乳量充足时间在产后４８ｈ内，５１．８％的母亲乳量充足在产后４８～７２ｈ，而２１．７％母亲的乳汁则需３天后才能满足婴儿的需要。结果表明，首次有效吸吮时间和最初４８ｈ的喂奶次数与初乳的分泌有关，而影响首次有效吸吮和喂奶次数的因素主要有乳头发育、婴儿出生时的胎龄及异常，即乳头扁平或凹陷、早产、新生儿窒息等可使首次有效吸吮时间明显延迟。同时，首次有效吸吮时间与最初４８ｈ的喂养次数高度相关（Ｐ＜０．０００１）。因此，对乳头扁平或凹陷者及时给予纠正，促进有效吸吮尽早成功；对早产、窒息、产伤等婴儿给予更多的指导和关注等将有利于促进母乳的提早分泌

Analysis about Factors Affecting Secretion of the Colostrum

The breast feeding state of 166 infants during the onset of lactation was studied .26.5% mothers had the colostrum enough for their infants between 24 and 48 hours postpartum,and 51.8% mothers had the colostrum enough between 48 and 72 hours,but the breast milk of 21.7% mothers wasn't efficient untill 72 hours postpartum.The time that the breast secreted enough milk for their infant was markablely correlated with the delay between the delivery and the first effective suckling ( r=0.3102,P <0.01),and breast feeding frequency during the first 48 hours of lactation ( r=-0.2517, P<0.01 ).Maternal age also affected the time secreted the first breast milk.The first effective suckling time were negatively correlatd with the developmental state of maternal nipples ( r=-0.247,P <0.01) and gestational age.There were a close correlation between the first effective suckling time and the breast feeding frequency during the first 48 hours of lactation. Author's address Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics,Southwest Hospital,The Third Military Medical College,Chongqing 400038