尾加压素II与糖尿病

尾加压素II(urotensin II，UII)最早是从鱼尾部下垂体中分离出的调节肽，近来已从人体中克隆出来，并发现体内一种孤立的G蛋白偶联受体GPR14是其特异性受体。UII与GPR14结合后，参与许多生物学效应，如调节内分泌，调节渗透压平衡，调节胃肠道平滑肌及心血管收缩功能等，是迄今体内最强的缩血管活性肽。UII不仅与许多人类心血管疾病如高血压，充血性心力衰竭（CHF），冠心病和动脉粥样硬化有关，而且研究发现，糖尿病患者血液中UII含量升高。初步研究表明,UII的基因多态性和2型糖尿病的发生有关；尾加压素II还可抑制胰岛素的释放。

Urotensin II and diabetes

Urotensin II (UII) is a regulatory peptide which was initially isolated from the goby urophysis, and now has been cloned in human. It has also been found that orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR14 is its specific receptor. Through stimulating GPR14, UII involves many biological effects, such as mediating endocrine effect, mediating osmotic pressure balance, mediating contractile function of gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular smooth muscle. It has been suggested that UII may have a role in the pathophysiology of a number of human diseases such as hypertension, congestive cardiac failure, coronary artery disease and artherosclerosis. Initial studies showed that certain polymorphisms in the UII gene were been associated with the development of type 2 diabetes; In perfused rat pancreas models, UII has inhibited insulin release in response to glucose; UII has also been shown to be elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes.