The innate immune system in transplantation |
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| Authors: | Oberbarnscheidt Martin H Zecher Daniel Lakkis Fadi G |
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| Affiliation: | aThomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;bDepartment of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;cDepartment of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;dDepartment of Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | The vertebrate innate immune system consists of inflammatory cells and soluble mediators that comprise the first line of defense against microbial infection and, importantly, trigger antigen-specific T and B cell responses that lead to lasting immunity. The molecular mechanisms responsible for microbial non-self recognition by the innate immune system have been elucidated for a large number of pathogens. How the innate immune system recognizes non-microbial non-self, such as organ transplants, is less clear. In this review, we approach this question by describing the principal mechanisms of non-self, or ‘damaged’ self, recognition by the innate immune system (pattern recognition receptors, the missing self theory, and the danger hypothesis) and discussing whether and how these mechanisms apply to allograft rejection. |
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| Keywords: | Innate immune system Innate immunity Transplantation Rejection Allorecognition Monocyte |
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