Assisted reproductive techniques in patients with Klinefelter syndrome: a critical review

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the existing experience with the use and success rate of assisted reproductive techniques (ART), in particular testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), in Klinefelter patients. DESIGN: A systematic review of the literature, including all published case reports to date. PATIENT(S): Thirty-nine reported successful pregnancies fathered by nonmosaic Klinefelter patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The overall risk of transmitting a chromosomal abnormality to the offspring of Klinefelter patients. RESULT(S): In nonmosaic and mosaic Klinefelter patients, chromosomally normal sperm cells can be extracted from testicular tissue and used for ICSI. CONCLUSION(S): The application of ART to Klinefelter patients can be recommended as a method to achieve reproduction in this selected infertility patient cohort.