佛山市南海区2000～2005年麻疹流行病学分析

目的分析南海区2000—2005年麻疹流行病学特征，提出麻疹控制策略。方法采用描述流行病学的方法，运用Excel2002软件进行分析。结果南海区2000—2005年共报告麻疹445例。年平均发病率为3.73／10万；流动人口年平均发病率为6．37／10万；常住人口年平均发病率为1．70／10万。发病以流动人口为主。流动人口发病占总发病的74．83％。年龄分布以学龄前儿童和成人为主，同时〈8月龄婴儿发病为8．98％。病例中有免疫史者占11．01％，无免疫史者占30.11％，免疫史不详者占58.88％。麻疹发病季节以3．7月为发病高峰期，其中5月发病最高。结论人口的频繁流动使麻疹控制工作难度日趋加大，免疫空白及免疫失败人群的自然积累是麻疹发病的主要原因，加大对流动人口的管理力度，高覆盖率的常规免疫结合加强免疫和有效的疾病监测系统是控制麻疹的策略。

Epidemiological characteristics of measles in Nanhai District of Foshan City from 2000 to 2005

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristic of measles in Nanhai District of Foushan City from 2000 to 2005 and to develop a series of strategies for measles eoatrol. Methods The data of epidemiological investigation and surveillance reports of infectious diseases were analyzed by using excel2002 software. Results Among tbe total of 445 measles cases, the seasonal peak appeared from March to July. The majority of the native cases were preschool child and adults, while the floating population were accounted for 74.83 % of the total infections. 11.01 % had measles vaccine immunization history, 30.11% were non- vaccinated and 58.88 % were uncertain. Conclusion The main factors leading to measles outbreaks were floating population, zero immunization, and failure of immunization. For control of measles outbreak, effective strategies including improving the coverage rate of basic immunization, promoting booster vaccination of measles properly in floating population and reinforcing surveillance of epidemic situation.