Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Metal Concentrations in Teeth of Residents of Silesian Region, Southern Poland |
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Authors: | D Wiechu?a A Fischer J Kwapuliński K Loska T Fischer P Kurpas |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Toxicology, Silesian University of Medicine, ul. Jagiellońska 4, Sosnowiec, 41-200, Poland;(2) Institute of Engineering of Water and Wastewater, Silesian Technical University, ul. Konarskiego 18, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland;(3) Municipal Hospital No 2, ul. 1-go Maja 9, Siemianowice, 41-100, Poland |
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Abstract: | Concentrations of 11 metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Na, K, Ca, and Mg) were assayed in the teeth of two populations of
the Silesian region. The first group (n = 83) comprised the residents of Katowice–Szopienice, a town located in the center of the Upper Silesian industrial region,
in close proximity to a Pb plant, whereas the other was a group of residents of the agricultural community Strumień (n = 44). The concentrations of all the trace metals were found to be higher in the teeth of Katowice–Szopienice residents.
The methods of cluster analysis distinguished two clusters of metals in the teeth: essential (Ca, Na, Mg, Zn, and K) and trace
(Cd, Mn, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Pb) elements. Euclidean distances reflected the differences in concentrations between the two groups.
The results obtained were analyzed using principal component analysis. Four principal factors accounted for 68.1% of the total
variance for Katowice–Szopienice residents and for 80.1% for Strumień residents. The first factor showed high contributions
of Cu and Cr, elements present in humans as a result of diet, and also Mn for Katowice–Szopienice residents because of environmental
contamination. The second factor was characterized by large Zn and Cd fractions and, for Katowice–Szopienice residents, Pb
and K as well. The diversified exposure of both populations was reflected by the differences in Euclidean distances and contribution
of particular elements with respect of principal components. |
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