股骨转子重建、人工股骨头置换治疗高龄患者非稳定性股骨转子间骨折

目的 探讨采用股骨转子重建、人工股骨头置换治疗高龄患者非稳定性股骨转子间骨折的疗效.方法 本组106例,其中男45例,女61例;年龄80～105岁,平均88岁.大部分为滑倒跌伤.骨折按Evans分型:ⅢA型31例,ⅢB型45例,Ⅳ型30例.均采用股骨转子重建、骨水泥型普通双极人工股骨头置换术.采用4种方法对股骨转子间骨折进行了重建:(1)股骨大转子复位后采用"∞"字钢丝张力带固定;(2)股骨小转子复位后用钢丝绕股骨近端骨皮质环扎固定;(3)股骨距部位的骨缺损用骨水泥充填、重塑;(4)部分股骨颈基底较完整者,在股骨颈截骨变转子间骨折为股骨颈骨折,保留的股骨距用插入的人工股骨柄固定.结果 全部患者均顺利通过手术,手术时间45～70 min,平均55 min.79例获随访,时间6～48个月,平均16个月.无晚期关节松动、脱位或感染,优良率达87.3%.结论 采用股骨转子重建、人工股骨头置换治疗高龄患者非稳定性股骨转子间骨折可恢复股骨近端解剖,稳定髋关节,使患者术后早期下床,改善高龄患者的生活质量,降低病死率.

Treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures with replacement of artificial femoral head and reconstruction of femoral trochanters in the elderly patients

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of femoral troehanter reconstruction and artificial femoral head replacement in treatment of unstable intertrochanterie fractures in the elderly pa- tients. Methods Femoral trochanter reconstruction and artificial femoral head replacement was done on 106 patients with unstable intertrochanterie fractures. There were 45 males and 61 females, at age range of 80-105 years (average 88 years). Most of patients slipt in the room and got fractured. According to the Evans classification, there were 31 patients with type ⅢA fractures, 45 with type ⅢB and 30 with type IV. We used 4 kinds of methods to reconstruct the fracturad imertrochanters : (1) shape of" ∞ " ten- sion band fixation after intertrochanterie fracture reduction;(2) wire loop fixation of the lesser troehanter around proximal femur;(3)defect within the femoral ealear was filled with bone cement and remodeled; (4) for patients with relative intact base of femoral neck, the intertrochanterie fracture was transformed in- to femoral neck fracture and the femoral ealear was fixed with femoral prosthesis stem. Results All the operations continued successfully, with duration of the operation for 45-70 minutes (average 55 minutes). No artificial femoral head dislocation occurred during hospitalization. Of all, 79 patients were followed up for 6-48 months (average 16 months). No Late loosening, dislocation or infections occurred, with total excellence rate of 87.3%. Conclusions For elderly patient with unstable intertrochanterie fractures, reconstruction of femoral intertrochant and artificial femoral head replacement can restore the proximal femoral anatomy, maintain stability of the hip joint and help early functional exeereise, as can reduce ease fatality rate and improve the quality of life.