天津市中小学生读写习惯对视力不良的影响

探讨学生读写习惯对视力的影响,为制定有针对性的中小学生视力保护措施提供科学依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取天津市市区有代表性的5所学校共2 081名中小学生,对其进行视力检查和问卷调查,并应用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析读写习惯对视力的影响.结果 2 081名中小学生总体视力不良检出率为53.96%,其中重度视力不良检出率为23.79%.男、女生视力不良检出率分别为50.18%和58.07%,差异有统计学意义(x2=13.81,P<0.01).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,读写时身体与课桌保持1拳距离是视力不良的保护因素(OR=0.751);眼睛距离书本过近如< 20 cm(OR=1.575)、在阳光直射下看书(OR=1.531)、持续长时间读写如120~180 min(OR=2.549)、乘坐交通工具时玩电子产品(OR=1.726)是视力不良的危险因素(P值均<0.05).结论 中小学生的读写习惯会对视力状况产生影响,学校和家长应帮助中小学生在日常生活中养成良好的读写习惯.

Effect of reading and writing habits on poor vision among primary and secondary school students in Tianjin

Objective To investigate the impact of students' reading and writing habits on their vision,in order to provide scientific basis for making more targeted visual protection measures.Methods A total of 2 081 students were selected from 5 schools in Tianjin by stratified cluster random sampling.The visual examination and questionnaires were carried out for them.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the effects of the reading and writing habits.Results The overall prevalence of poor vision among the 2 081 students was 53.96%,and the prevalence of severe poor vision was 23.79%.The prevalence of poor vision for boys and girls was 50.18% and 58.07%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(x2=13.81,P<0.01).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis found that reading and writing when the distance from the desk is a punch was the protective factors of poor vision (OR=0.751).Keeping eyes too close to the books(less than 20 cm) (OR=1.575),reading the book under the direct sunlight (OR=1.531),spending long time on reading and writing (such as 2 to 3 h) (OR=2.549),and playing electronic products on the bus (OR=1.726) were risk factors of poor vision(P<0.05).Conclusion The reading and writing habits of primary and secondary school students can have an impact on their visual status.Schools and parents should help students to develop good habits of writing and reading in daily life.