哈尔滨城市留守与非留守幼儿行为问题及影响因素分析

了解哈尔滨市45岁城市留守与非留守幼儿行为问题差异及影响因素,为开展针对性预防干预提供依据.方法 于2016年11—12月,采用病例对照研究设计,选取哈尔滨市12所幼儿园208名45岁城市留守幼儿和按同班级、同性别、出生日期(3个月之内)匹配的城市非留守幼儿208名,对其监护人进行问卷调查,内容包括幼儿一般信息、儿童行为量表、家庭功能量表等.结果 留守组和非留守组儿童行为问题检出率分别为20.2%和15.9%(χ2=1.32,P=0.25);留守组女童行为问题检出率(26.7%)高于男童(13.6%)(χ2=5.52,P=0.02).留守组(26.78±30.22)与非留守组(21.77±30.06)儿童行为问题总分差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.31,P=0.00),且思维问题和攻击性行为问题得分差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-3.36,-3.47,P值均<0.05).家庭功能量表各维度与留守组幼儿思维问题和攻击性行为呈正相关(P值均<0.01);在非留守幼儿组仅家庭功能角色维度与幼儿攻击性行为呈正相关(r=0.17,P<0.05).家庭功能沟通维度、角色维度对留守幼儿思维问题的回归系数分别为0.20和0.24,家庭功能角色维度和行为控制维度对留守幼儿攻击性行为的回归系数分别为0.27和0.18(P值均<0.05);家庭功能角色维度对非留守幼儿攻击性行为的回归系数为0.17(P<0.05).结论 留守组幼儿思维问题和攻击性行为问题比非留守组幼儿严重,留守和非留守幼儿行为问题的发生与家庭功能失调有关.

Investigation on behavior problems and influencing factors of urban left behind and non left behind children in Harbin

Objective To determine the differences and influencing factors of the behavior problem among left-behind children and non-left-behind children aged 4-5 years and to provide a theoretical basis for prevention intervention in Harbin.Methods In November-December 2016, a case-control study was conducted to select 208 left-behind children aged 4-5 years from 12 kindergartens in Harbin and 208 non-left-behind control subjects frequency were matched by class, gender and birth date (within 3 months), the selected 416 child guardians conducted a questionnaire survey.The questionnaire includes: general information about children, Achenbach, Child Behavior Checklist, Family Assessment Device and so on.Results The detection rates of behavioral problems of children in left-behind group and non-left-behind group were respectively 20.2% and 15.9% (χ2= 1.32, P = 0.25); but in left-behind group girls' behavior problem detection rate (26.7%) was higher than the boys ' behavioral problems detection rate (13.6%) (χ2= 5.515, P = 0.019).There was no significant difference in behavior problem scores between left-behind group (26.78±30.22) and non-left-behind group: (26.78±30.22) (t = 1.73, P = 0.085); but the differences in thinking problem and aggressive behavior scores were statistically significant (Thinking Problem: t = 2.23, P = 0.023; Aggressive Behavior: t = 2.30, P = 0.02).There was a significant positive correlation between the dimensions of the family function and the children's thinking and aggressive behavior in the left-behind group; the role function had a significant positive correlation with the aggressive behavior.The regression coefficients of communication dimension and role dimension on left-behind children 's thinking problems were respectively 0.203 and0.238.The regression coefficients of the family function role dimension and the behavior control dimension on the aggressive behavior of left-behind children were respectively 0.269 and 0.175; The regression coefficient of the family function role dimension on aggressive behavior of non-left-behind children were 0.172.Conclusion Left-behind group of child thinking problem and aggressive behavior problems are more serious than non-left-behind, the behavior problems occur between left-behind and non-left-behind children is related to family dysfunction.