母亲不同喂养行为与学龄前儿童蔬菜水果摄入的相关性分析

了解母亲喂养行为对学龄前儿童蔬菜水果摄入的影响,为指导学龄前儿童科学喂养提供依据.方法 采用综合喂养行为问卷及每周水果和蔬菜摄入问卷对杭州市分层抽取的1 157名3~6岁儿童的母亲进行调查,分别评估母亲的喂养行为及学龄前儿童水果和蔬菜的摄入量.分析母亲不同喂养行为对学龄前儿童水果蔬菜摄入的影响程度.结果 学龄前儿童每天摄入水果报告率为72.8%,每天摄入蔬菜的报告率为66.4%.建立健康的家庭进餐环境、鼓励均衡和多样化饮食、让孩子参与制备食物对学龄前儿童蔬菜摄入量呈正向影响(β值分别为0.43,0.33,0.19,P值均<0.05),限制不健康食物对学龄前儿童蔬菜摄入量产生负向影响(β=-0.30,P=0.015);鼓励均衡和多样化饮食、监督、建立良好的进餐环境对学龄前儿童水果摄入量产生正向影响(β值分别为0.47,0.39,0.35,P值均<0.05),限制不健康食物对学龄前儿童水果摄入量产生负向影响(β=-0.31,P=0.036).结论 父母亲应建立良好的家庭进餐环境,鼓励孩子均衡和多样化饮食,让孩子参与准备食物等积极的喂养方式有利于提高学龄前儿童水果和蔬菜的摄入量.

Analyzing relationship between maternal feeding practice and fruit and vegetable intakes of preschoolers

Objective To analyze the association between feeding practice and fruit and vegetable intakes of preschoolers,and to provide the reference for instructing the feeding practice.Methods Totally,1 157 mothers of children aged 2-5 selected from Hangzhou by using stratified sampling method were surveyed.Ten aspects of maternal feeding practices were evaluated by using a Comprehensive Feeding Behavior Questionnaire(CFBQ).The consumption of children's fruit and vegetable were measured by item of fruit and vegetable frequency during the past 7 days.Spearman's rank order correlation was used to analyze the relationship between maternal feeding practice and fruit and vegetable intakes of preschoolers,linear regression analysis was used to identify the effects of dimensions of CFBQ on both fruit and vegetable intakes of preschoolers.Results A total of 72.8% of preschoolers consumed fruits each day and 66.4% consumed vegetable daily.Among the feeding practices,building a healthy home food environment,encouraging a balance and diverse diet,and preschoolers' involvement in making food were positively related with the intake of vegetable(β=0.43,0.33,0.19,P<0.05),and restriction of unhealthy food was negatively related to vegetable consumption of preschoolers(β=-0.30,P=0.015);Furthermore,encouraging a balance and diverse diet,monitoring and building a healthy eating environment were positively related to preschoolers' intakes of fruits(β=0.47,0.39,0.35,P<0.05),while restriction of unhealthy food was negatively related to fruit consumption(β=-0.31,P =0.036).Conclusion Parents should encourage children to have a balanced and diverse diet,and establish a good eating evironment to improve the intake of fruit and vegetables of preschoolers.