深圳市小学一年级学生膳食模式与体质量指数的关联

分析深圳市小学一年级学生的膳食模式及其与体质量指数(BMI)的关联,为指导学生科学膳食行为提供参考.方法 按照随机整群抽样原则,于2016年7-10月在深圳市抽取33所小学,以抽中学校的全部一年级学生共6 089名为调查对象.采用家长自填问卷的方式进行膳食调查,共调查14种食物的摄入频率,分析学生的膳食行为模式.采用有序Logistic回归模型分析不同膳食行为与儿童BMI的关联.结果 小学一年级学生中超重率为9.9%(605名),肥胖率为12.2%(742名);其中男生超重率为10.8%(360名),肥胖率为15.1%(489名);女生超重率为8.9%(345名),肥胖率为9.1%(253名).男生超重、肥胖率均高于女生(x2值分别为6.587,43.747,P值均<0.01).共提取了高糖高脂饮食、相对均衡饮食、高蛋白饮食、蔬菜水果饮食、补品饮食5种膳食模式,方差贡献率分别为0.245,0.170,0.076,0.070,0.069,累计方差贡献率为0.630.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高糖高脂饮食会增加超重肥胖的风险(OR=1.069),相对均衡饮食则是超重肥胖的保护因素(OR=0.912).结论 深圳市不同性别小学一年级学生有不同的饮食模式和特点,高糖高脂饮食是主要的饮食行为,且与肥胖相关,应采取积极措施进行早期干预.

Analysis of association between dietary patterns and body mass index of first grade students in Shenzhen

Objective To study the dietary habits of first grade school-age children and to investigate their correlation with body mass index in Shenzhen.Methods According to the principle of stratified cluster sampling,33 primary schools were selected in Shenzhen in 2016,and all the first grade students in the primary schools were surveyed.A total of 6 733 questionnaires were issued and the effective number was 6 089.The parents of self-administered questionnaires carried out to ask for a total of 14 kinds of food intake frequency,and to analyze the dietary behavior.Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the association between dietary behaviors and BMI values in children.Results The overweight rate of the first grade male students in Shenzhen was 10.8%,the obesity rate was 15.1%,the overweight rate of female students was 8.9%,and the obesity rate was 9.1%.The overweight and obesity rate of male students was higher than that of female students(x2 =6.587,43.747,P<0.01).And the overall rate of obesity is higher than overweight.A total of 5 dietary patterns were extracted:high-fat and high-sugar habit,prudent habit,high protein habit,vegetables and fruits habit,and tonic habit.The variance contribution rates of the five dietary patterns was 24.47%,17.04%,7.56%,7.02%,6.89%,and respectively the five dietary habits totally reflect 62.92% characteristics of the 14food-groups.High-fat and high-sugar habit may increase the risk of overweight and obesity,relatively prudent habit is a protective factor for overweight and obesity.Conclusion There are different dietary patterns and characteristics among school-age boys and girls in Shenzhen.High-fat and high-sugar habit is the main dietary behavior,and it is related to obesity.Active measures should be taken for early intervention.