广东省梅州市饮水型氟中毒病区病情现状调查分析

目的掌握梅州市辖区内饮水型氟中毒的病情及改水降氟后效果，为防治饮水型氟中毒提供科学依据。方法梅州市的6个地氟病区县（市），采用普查和抽样调查相结合，对调查县（市）氟病区村8～12岁儿童氟斑牙采用Dean氏法检查，饮水氟、儿童尿氟均采用氟离子选择电极法进行检测。结果调查的6个县38个乡镇115个病区村中，儿童氟斑牙总患病率为21．99％，儿童尿氟几何均值为1．45mg／L，饮水氟范围为0．10～2．10mg／L。结论梅州市饮水型氟中毒病区的病情，通过改水降氟已经得到有效控制，但还有9个病区村的儿童氟斑牙患病率未达到控制病区标准；个别病区村的改水设施存在着管理不善问题。

Investigation Analysis on the Current Status of D rinking Water- born Endemic Fluorosis in Meizhou City of Guangdong Province

Objective To understand the current status of drinking water-born endemic fluorosis in Meizhou City and the efficiency of improving drinking water, and so as to provide scientific bases for control and prevention of drinking water-born endemic fluorosis. Methods By combining general and sampling survey, dental fluorosis among children aged 8-12 years old were examined with Deans' index in villages with endemic fluorosis of six counties of Meizhou city. The content of fluorin in drinking water and children urine were detected by F ions elective electrode method. Results In 115 villages with endemic fluorosis of 38 towns of 6 counties surveyed, the prevalence rate of dental fluorosis among children was 21.99%. The geometric mean of content of fluorin in children urine was 1.45 mg/L and the content of fluorin in drinking water ranged from 0.10 mg/L to 2.10 mg/L. Conclusions Drinking water-born endemic fluorosis in Meizhou city has been efficiently controlled by improving drinking water. However, the prevalence rate of dental fluorosis among children in 9 villages has not reached the criteria of non-disease district. In some individual villages with endemic fluorosis, the management of facilities for improving water is not good.