2006年全国生活饮用水卫生安全情况调查和分析

目的 调查我国集中式供水单位和二次供水设施的卫生管理状况和供水水质质量.方法 对全国4个直辖市、各省会城市、计划单列市、地级市的2 713家市政水厂、2 713家自建水厂和二次供水设施的卫生管理情况进行调查.对市政水厂的1 925件水源水样、2 361件出厂水水样、5 749件末梢水样、自建水厂的1 298件水源水样、1 541件出厂水样、1 746件末梢水样及3 671件二次供水水样进行了水质监测.结果 市政和自建水厂中水质检验设施不符合要求的现象最为严重,合格率仅为71.7%和46.7%;有32.7%的自建水厂不具备卫生许可证;二次供水设施中采用的涉水和消毒产品仅有68.5%持有有效卫生批件;市政水厂和自建水厂中水源水的水质合格率分别为75.3%和80.0%;出厂水的水质合格率分别为85.0%和77.5%;末梢水的水质合格率分别为92.4%和82.0%;二次供水的水质合格率为80.8%.结论 卫生管理工作尚需加强,水质监测中应重点关注微生物指标和感官性状指标.

Investigation on Drinking Water Safety in China in 2006

Objective To investigate the health management condition and water quality of centralized water supply units and secondary water supply facilities. Methods Data identification, on-site investigation, sampling test were conducted in 2006. Results The most serious problem existing in the municipal and self-constructed water plants was unqualified water quality testing facilities and the eligible rate was only 71.7% and 46.7% respectively. 32.7% of self-constructed water plants did not have health permits. Only 68.5% of drinking water related products and disinfection products used in the secondary water supply facilities were holding valid health permits. The eligible rates of source water quality in the municipal and self-constructed water plants were 75.3% and 80.0%, in the treated water were 85.0% and 77.5%, in the tap water were 92.4% and 82.0% respectively, in the secondary water supply was 80.8%. Conclusion Health management work still needs to be strengthened and water quality monitoring should focus on the microbial indicators and perceptible indicators.