淮南市城区0～14岁儿童哮喘流行病学调查

目的]调查淮南煤炭重工业城市儿童哮喘患病率、诊治状况,为推广规范化防治小儿哮喘提供科学依据.方法]采用随机整群抽样方法,对淮南市田家庵区、谢家集区共10721名0～14岁儿童进行流行病学调查.结果]淮南市0～14岁儿童哮喘累计患病率为4.11%;现患率为3.02%,其中男、女儿童的现患率分别为3.68%和2.32%,差异有显著性（P＜0.01）.年龄患病率以6～9岁最高,矿区与非矿区居民区患病率相比差异无统计学意义.发病季节以换季和秋季为主.好发时间以午夜和临睡前为主.主要发病诱因为呼吸道感染.现患儿Ⅰ、Ⅱ级亲属中有哮喘史占42.59%,既往诊断与本次流调符合率为42.59%.治疗上吸入激素仅占34.88%,喘息发作时使用抗生素占98.77%.结论]淮南市0～14岁儿童哮喘的患病率高于全国平均水平,诊断与规范化防治水平有待进一步提高.

Epidemiological study on the sickness rate of asthma in children of 0～14 years old in urban area of Huainan city

Objective] In this study, the sickness rate, diagnosis and treatment conditions of asthma in children in Huainan coal heavy industry city were investigated and hopefully to provide scientific references for generalizing standard prevention and treatment for children's asthma. Method] By adopting random Chester sampling method, an epidemiological survey was made among 10 721 children between zero and fourteen years old in Tianjia'an district and Xiejiaji district. Results] The accumulative total sickness rate of asthma in children between 0-14 years old in Huainan was 4. 11%. The prevalence rate was 3.02% , and the prevalence rate for boys was 3. 68% , and 2. 32% for girls. There was a significant difference. The maximum age sickness rate existed in children between 6-9 years old. There was no statistical significance for sickness rate between mining residential area and non-mining area. The occurrence of disease predominatingly happened in time of changing of seasons and the fall. More specifically, it happened mainly at midnight and just before sleep. The main predisposing factor was respiratory infection. Current children with asthma who had asthma family history in their first or second class family members accounted for 42. 59% , and the coincidence rate for the previous diagnosis and the current epidemic investigation was 42. 59%. Incretion inhaling in treatment only accounted for 34. 88% while using antibiotics accounted for 98. 77% when asthma attacks. Conclusions] The sickness rate for asthma in children under 0-14 years in Huainan is higher than the average level of the nation. The level of diagnosis and standard prevention and treatment are to be improved.