上海市静安区曹家渡街道年龄相关性黄斑变性的患病率调查

目的探讨上海市曹家渡街道≥50岁人群中年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)的患病情况。方法2002年9月至2003年6月间对上海市静安区曹家渡街道的目标人群进行AMD的流行病学调查。首先采取分层配额抽样;接着由调查队在当地眼科检查站对抽样人群进行外眼、角膜、瞳孔、晶状体检查,以及小瞳孔下直接检眼镜眼底检查,初筛出确诊和可疑AMD患者;然后于上海交通大学医学院附属第一人民医院对可疑患者采用眼底照相等方法进一步确诊。结果本调查共纳入1063人,实际受检1023人,受检率为962%。确诊AMD患者159例(254只眼),占受检人群的155%。确诊湿性AMD19例(30只眼)。在50～59、60～69、70～79、80岁以上各年龄段中,AMD的检出率分别为57%(12/212例)、135%(42/311例)、202%(77/381例)及235%(28/119例)(χ2=2797,P<001)。未发现影响不同AMD类型患病的因素。AMD致盲眼和致低视力眼的比例分别为51%和311%。湿性AMD致盲眼和低视力眼的比例(233%和400%)高于干性AMD致盲眼和低视力眼的比例(27%和72%)。结论AMD的患病率随着年龄增加而显著增加。AMD,尤其是湿性AMD对视力危害相当严重。(中华眼科杂志,2005,411519)

Prevalence study of age-related macular degeneration in Caojiadu blocks, Shanghai

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of age-related maculopathy (AMD) in Shanghai residents older than 50 years. METHODS: 1023 individuals were examined in the years 2002 and 2003 for clinical and subjective signs of dry and exudative AMD. A interview concerning clinical symptoms of AMD as also a complete eye exam was performed. Non-mydriatic retinoscopy was done by use of a direct opthalmoscopy. Fundus photography was used to confirm and document the diagnosis. The diagnosis of both forms of AMD was made according to the criteria of the Sub-society of Fundus Disease, Chinese Ophthalmological Society. RESULTS: 15.5% of the included population had AMD and 19 of them were exudative AMD. The prevalences of AMD in the age groups of 50-59, 60-69, 70-79 and more than 80 were identified as 5.7%, 13.5%, 20.2% and 23.5%, respectively (chi(2) = 27.97, P < 0.01). No statistical differences were found concerning atrophic and exudative AMD related to gender, education, daily focus time, smoking, alcohol consumption and systematic diseases. In the AMD patients, 5.1% and 36.2% of the eyes were identified as blind or with low vision. In exudative AMD patients, 23.3% and 63.3% of the eyes were identified as blind or with low vision. The visual acuity of eyes with exudative AMD was significantly lower than the visual acuity of atrophic AMD eyes. (chi(2) = 15.4, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of AMD is high, and increasing with aging. The AMD, especially the exudative AMD, leads to severe visual impairment.