阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征儿童睡眠结构的改变

目的　研究阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征对儿童睡眠结构的影响。方法　对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患儿进行多导睡眠监测 ,并与同年龄组儿童睡眠结构正常值进行比较。结果　与正常值相比 ,阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征组的睡眠结构存在如下异常 :睡眠I期 :阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征组 ( 4 5 .8± 2 .0 ) % ,正常值 ( 2 .3± 1.1) % (t=2 2 .4 6 ,P <0 .0 1) ;睡眠Ⅱ期 :阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征组 ( 2 3.9±l.7) % ,正常值 ( 4 7.9士 4 .4 ) % (t =- 14 .18,P <0 .0 1) ;慢波睡眠 :阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征组 ( 15 .6± 1.8) % ,正常值 ( 2 1.1± 5 .0 ) % (t=- 3.12 3,P <0 .0 1) ;快动眼睡眠 :阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征组 ( 14 .7± 1.5 ) % ,正常值 ( 2 8.2± 4 .1) % (f =- 8.92 3,P <0 .0 1) ;差异均有显著性。结论　阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征可引起儿童睡眠结构的紊乱 ,主要表现为睡眠时频繁唤醒 ,睡眠片段化 ,浅睡眠增加 ,深睡眠和快动眼睡眠减少 ,导致患儿学习困难 ,智力下降 ,生长停滞。

Changes of sleep architecture in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To explore how obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) affects children's sleep architecture. METHODS: Eighty-three children with OSAS were reviewed; every patient was monitored with polysommography for 7 hours at night for 11 parameters, including the number of arousal, snoring index, nadir O(2) desaturation, stage I %, stage II %, show wave sleep (SWS)% and rapid eye movement (REM)%. The basis for diagnosis of OSAS was the widely accepted pediatric diagnostic criteria of apnea/hypopnea index, apnea/ hypopnea index of > 1 episode/hour, nadir O(2) desaturation < 92%. Sleep was scored manually according to the standard set by Rechtschaffen. RESULTS: In OSAS group, the number of arousal was 22.5 +/- 1.4, snoring index was 70.6 +/- 16.5, and/or SaO(2) was (73.8 +/- 1.9)%. OSAS group had increased stage I : (45.8 +/- 2.0)% vs. (2.3 +/- 1.1)%, t = 22.46, P < 0.01 and decreased stage II : (23.9 = 1.7)% vs (47.9 = 4.4)%, t = - 14.18, P < 0.01, SWS (15.6 +/- 1.8)% vs. (21.1 +/- 5.0)%, t = - 3.123, P < 0.01, REM (14.7 +/- 1.5)% VS. (28.2 +/- 4.1)%, T = -8.923, p < 0.01. CONCLUSION: The severity of OSAS relates to changes of sleep architecture in children. Intermittent nocturnal hypoxia secondary to apnea/hypopnea, and frequent electroencephalogram arousals from sleep may result in significant sleep fragmentation. Children with OSAS had learning problems and failure to thrive.