护士职业压力应对及其影响因素研究

[目的]探讨护士职业压力的应对方式厦其影响因素。[方法]选取上海市4所综合性医院的404名护士．应用护士应对方式问卷进行调查。[结果]护士应对职业压力主要采用问题解决和正面认识的方式，很少以回避与自责的方式应对压力；护士的应对存在科室、职称、职务和护龄上的统计学差异（P〈0.05或P〈0．01），但学历上差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。[结论]护士主要以问题解决和正面认识的方式应对压力，很少采用回避与自责。建议护理管理者在引导护士以有效方式应对压力的同时，更多关注急诊科和低年资护士，给予必要社会支持。缓解心理压力，提高护士的身心健康水平。

A study on coping style of nurses toward occupational pressure and its influencing factors

Objective: To probe into both the coping styles and influencing factors of nurses toward occupational pressures. Methods: A total of 404 nurses from 4 general hospitals in Shanghai city were selected and investigated by filling out nurse's coping style questionnaire. Results: Both problems-solving and positive recognition are main coping styles of nurses toward occupational pressures. Either avoidance or self-reproach was seldom coping styles of nurses toward occupational pressures. There were statistical differences in terms of coping styles among nurses of different departments, different professional titles, different official ranks and nursing ages (P<0.05 or P<0.01). However, there was no statistical difference between nurses of different academic careers (P>0.05). Conclusion: Both problems-solving and positive recognition are main coping styles of nurses toward occupational pressures. Either avoidance or self-reproach was seldom coping styles of nurses toward occupational pressures. It suggested that nursing managers should guide nurses to cope occupational pressures with effective styles. Meanwhile, nursing managers should pay more attention to younger aged nurses and those working in emergency department, provide essential social supports, relieve their mental pressures so as to enhance their physical and mental health.