A Mediterranean and a high-carbohydrate diet improve glucose metabolism in healthy young persons |
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Authors: | F Pérez-Jiménez J López-Miranda M D Pinillos P Gómez E Paz-Rojas P Montilla C Marín M J Velasco A Blanco-Molina J A Jiménez Perepérez J M Ordovás |
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Institution: | (1) Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Research Unit and the Biochemistry Laboratory, Reina Sofia University Hospital and Medical School, University of Cordoba, Spain, ES;(2) Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Mass., USA, US |
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Abstract: | Aims/hypothesis: Insulin resistance usually precedes the diagnosis of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. However, in most
patients, the clinical expression of the disease could be prevented by dietary and lifestyle changes. We investigated the
effects of a diet enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids (Mediterranean diet) and a low fat, high-carbohydrate diet on in
vivo and in vitro glucose metabolism in 59 young subjects (30 men and 29 women).
Methods: We carried out an intervention dietary study with a saturated fat phase and two randomized-crossover dietary periods: a high-carbohydrate
diet and a Mediterranean diet for 28 days each. We analysed the plasma lipoproteins fractions, free fatty acids, insulin sensitivity
and glucose uptake in isolated monocytes at the end of the three dietary periods.
Results: In comparison to the saturated fat diet, the CHO and Mediterranean diets induced a decrease of LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001) and HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001). Steady-state plasma glucose decreased (p = 0.023) and basal and insulin-stimulated 2-deoxiglucose uptake in peripheral monocytes increased in both diets (CHO and
Mediterranean), (p = 0.007) indicating an improvement in insulin sensitivity. Fasting free fatty acids plasma values were correlated positively
with steady state plasma glucose (r = 0.45; p < 0.0001). In addition, there was an inverse correlation between the mean glucose of the steady state plasma glucose period
and logarithmic values of basal (r = –0.34; p = 0.003) and insulin stimulated glucose uptake in monocytes (r = –0.32; p = 0.006).
Conclusion/interpretation: Isocaloric substitution of carbohydrates and monounsaturated fatty acids for saturated fatty acids improved insulin sensitivity
in vivo and in vitro, with an increase in glucose disposal. Both diets are an adequate alternatives for improving glucose
metabolism in healthy young men and women. Diabetologia (2001) 44: 2038–2043]
Received: 19 February 2001 and in revised form: 9 July 2001 |
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Keywords: | Mediterranean diet CHO-diet insulin sensitivity glucose metabolism monounsaturated fat monocytes |
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