早期微量喂养对早产儿胃肠道发育的影响

目的探讨早期微量喂养对早产儿胃肠道发育的影响。方法将80例早产儿随机分为早期微量喂养组（早期组）和常规喂养组（常规组），各40例。早期组于生后72h内予口饲或鼻饲胃管喂养＋非营养性吸吮，并视喂养耐受情况增加喂养量，缩短喂养间隔，直至吮吸、吞咽良好，开始足量经口喂养；常规组至病情稳定且吞咽、吮吸功能协调时再经口常规喂养。比较2组早产儿血浆胃动素（MOT）水平变化，以及喂养不耐受率、达到肠内喂养所需时间、住院天数的差异。结果早期组随日龄增加及微量喂养的开始至出生后第7天，MOT水平均明显高于常规组。早期组在喂养不耐受率、达到完全肠内喂养所需时间及住院天数方面均显著小于常规组。结论早期微量喂养是早产儿最理想的喂养方式。

Influence of early minimal feeding on the gastrointestinal development of premature infant

Objective To explore the influence of early minimal feeding on the gastrointesti- nal development of premature infant. Methods Eighty premature infants were divided into early minimal feeding group （early group, n = 40） and conventional feeding group （conventional group, n = 40）. The early group received peroral feeding or nasal gastric tube feeding ＋ non- nutritional sucking. The increase of feeding amount and shortening of feeding interval was in accordance with feeding resistance. When the sucking and swallowing recovered, the peroral feeding for sufficient amount was carried out. The conventional group received conventional peroral feeding until the con- dition was stable and the sucking and swallowing were coordinated. The change of plasma motilin （MOT）, feeding intolerance rate, required time of enteral feeding and length of stay in the two groups were compared. Results Along with the age increase and from the beginning of feeding to 7 d after birth, the MOT in early group was obviously higher than that in conventional group. The feeding intolerance rate, required time of enteral feeding and length of stay in early group were obvi- ously smaller than those in conventional group. Conclusion Early minimal feeding is the most ideal feeding way of premature infants.