一起因清理废弃青梅腌制池导致中毒事故的调查

目的介绍一起因清理废弃青梅腌制池导致的中毒死亡事件的调查处理情况.方法2005年5月,福建某地村民清理已废弃达6 a的6座青梅腌制池(池内尚有部分青梅),当村民进入3号池清理时,随即昏迷,施救过程中,共有22人中毒,6人因抢救无效死亡,有关部门连续3 d对青梅腌制池现场的水和空气进行监测,并对腌制池中的废水和沉积物进行针对性的处理.结果事故发生6 h后,青梅腌制池内空气中氰化氢浓度高达156 mg/m3.事故发生的第2天,青梅腌制池环境空气中含有氰化氢、氰化甲烷(乙腈)、甲烷、二氧化碳等有机和无机污染物,其中3个池环境空气中氰化氢浓度均达到或超过《大气综合污染物排放标准》的限值(1.9mg/m3).氰化甲烷显著超出《车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度》的限值(3 mg/m3).6个腌制池内水的pH值为5.5～7.0,氰化物浓度为0.019～0.652 mg/L.根据《农田灌溉水质标准》及《污水综合排放标准》,仅事故发生的第2天3号池监测结果超标.采用漂白粉和石灰处理底泥和废水,氰化物得到有效净化.结论中毒主要原因是青梅核仁中含有氰甙,被分解后释放出氰化物,加上甲烷和二氧化碳等窒息性气体的协同作用,导致入池村民死亡.

Investigation of the Poisoning Accident Caused by Clearing up the Disused Bloat Pool of Green Plums

Objective To introduce a poisoning accident caused by clearing up the disuced bloat pool of green plums. Methods In a certain area in Fujian happened a poisoning accident in which many people poisoned. The site of monitoring was carried out immediately. Results The coneentrations of hydrocyanic acid, aeetonitrile, methane, and carbon dioxide were very high in the air of the pool. Conclusion The main cause of the poisoning was that the cyanogenic glycosides contained in the nucleolus of the green plums. After broken down, the cyanide was released, and then the cyanide synergistic effect with the asphyxiating gas such as methane and carbon dioxide developed also. Treated the sediment and waste water with bleaching powder and lime, cyanide had been eliminated efficiently.