《印度阿育吠陀药典》所载药物与中国相应传统药物的比较（上）

印度政府（1990—2008年）出版的《印度阿育吠陀药典》（The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, API），共分两部，第一部7卷，收栽单味药540味；第二部2卷，收栽成方制剂101个。本文重点简介两部分内容，一是该药典编写内容的体例和特点，整个药典（API）7卷在内的全部单味药的要求和分析；二是对前5卷418味单味药（因我们只有第6和7卷药物品种的名录，未得到全书，故暂不分析）与我国有分布和药用的相应传统药物进行主治（疗效）项的比较，同时指出这些药物在我国的分布地域。结果表明，第1～5卷所载的418味单味药中有299味在我国有分布（含引种或栽培）和药用，包括国际著名的传统药，如番泻叶、檀香、降香、沉香、苏木、诃子和蛇根木等，约占该药典单味药总数（前5卷）的71．5％，其中在《中国药典》一部2010年版正文收载的单味药有56味，另有11味收载于附录；归纳了API所载单味药6个方面值得学习借鉴的特点。这对我国传统药的发掘、研究、开发和进出1：2贸易均具有深远意义。

A comparision between herbs contained in The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and corresponding Traditional Chinese Medicine

The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India （API） has been published two parts during 1990 to 2008 by Indian Government. In the first part, 540 monographs have been recorded in the total of 7 volumes; and in the second part, 101 formulations have been written in 2 volumes. Two parts of the work in this paper have been summaried： one is that the styles and characteristics of all single herbs in 7 volumes have been analyzed; the other is that API＇ s herbs which are also used and distributed in China have compared and the distribution areas of these herbs have also been pointed out. The results indicate that there are 299 herbs among 418 herbs used and distributed （including introduced or cultivated） in our country which accounts for 71.5% of the first five volumes in API, involving some intemationaUy famous traditional herbs such as Folium Sennae, Santalum album, Dalbergiae Odoriferae, Aquilaria agallocha, Caesalpinia sappan, Terminalia chebula and Rauvolfia serpentinas, etc. And in 299 herbs, there are 56 herbs in the main body of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 Volume Ⅰand 11 herbs in its appendix. The summary of six aspects of API＇ s characteristics deserve to be studied and utilized, which is far- reaching for excavation, study, development and import and export trade of our traditional medicine.