护理专业实习学生对艾滋病职业防护知识认知及行为的调查分析

目的 了解护理专业实习学生对艾滋病职业防护知识的认知及行为现状,探讨加强艾滋病职业防护的对策.方法 采用自制问卷,按便利抽样法对274名护理专业实习学生进行不记名问卷调查.结果 实习学生基本上掌握了艾滋病的基本知识,但对窗口期、非传染性体液等的认知率都低于70％；80.3％未接受过艾滋病职业暴露相关知识的培训,22.6％曾接诊或护理过艾滋病感染者或患者,18.6％在职业暴露后未采取正确的处理方法；46.4％对艾滋病患者持同情态度,仅32.8％有护理艾滋病患者的意愿；22.6％在戴手套、消毒双手、针头处理等预防血液、体液污染方面未能正确处理,不同学历的护理专业实习学生在预防艾滋病职业暴露的防护措施方面差异有统计学意义(x2=20.95,P＜0.01).结论 护理专业实习学生对艾滋病职业防护知识认知不够系统和全面,在实习中未采取全面的职业防护措施,加强相关知识的系统教育及行为干预有助于实习学生有效地应对严峻的艾滋病防治工作形势.

Analysis on the current status of HIV

Objective To learn the Current Status of HIV/AIDS occupational protection among nursing interns,and investigate strategies to strengthen the AIDS occupation protection. Methods A self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted among 274 nursing interns in different hospitals by convenience sampling method. Results Nursing interns master the basic knowledge of AIDS,however,the recognition rate of further knowledge of AIDS such as the window period,non- infectious body fluids was less than 70%; 80.3% hadn＇t received AIDS occupational exposure knowledge training before; 22.6% once contacted or cared patients with HIV/AIDS; 18.6% had not adopted the correct processing method after occupation exposition;46.4% expressed sympathy with HIV/AIDS; Only 32.8% were willing to care patients with HIV/AIDS; 22.6% had not been able to process correctly in the prevention of blood and the body fluid pollution aspects such as wearing the glove ldisinfection both hands,needle processing; there were significant differences in the protective measures for prevention of AIDS occupation exposition among the nursing interns with different educational background（P〈0.01 ）. Conclusion Nursing interns＇ knowledge on HIV/AIDS prevention are not systematic and comprehensive. They didn＇t take comprehensive occupational protection measures in practice. Strengthening the systemic education on the knowledge of behavioral intervention can effectively help student nurses to deal with the severe AIDS prevention and control situation.