中成药药物不良反应144例分析

目的 了解中成药药物不良反应(ADR)发生的特点,为临床合理用药提供参考.方法 采用回顾性分析方法对我院2009年1月至2011年9月收集的144例中成药ADR报告,按患者性别、年龄、引起ADR的药品种类及相应剂型和临床表现进行统计和分析.结果 144例使用口服制剂发生ADR的患者中,男58例(40.3％),女86例(59.7％).年龄≥60岁患者ADR的比例最多,为51例(35.4％).发生ADR的中成药共涉及50种药物,5种剂型:中药注射剂91例(63.2％)；外用制剂18例(12.5％)；丸剂15例(10.4％)；片剂12例(8.3％)；胶囊剂8例(5.6％).ADR引发的临床表现类型较多,过敏反应最多56例(38.9％)；消化系统反应23例(16.0％)；过敏性休克21例(14.6％)；呼吸系统反应14例(9.7％)；神经系统反应12例(8.3％)；血液系统反应11例(7.6％)；泌尿系统反应7例(4.9％).结论 应加强中成药的合理用药,慎用中药注射剂,以降低ADR发生率.

Analysis of 144 adverse drug reactions induced by Chinese patent medicine

Objective To learn the characteristics of adverse drug reactions （ADR）of Chinese patent medicine; to provide reference for rational use of drugs. Methods Totally 144 ADRs collected from our hospital from January 2009 to September 2011 were analyzed retrospectively based on patient＇s gender, age, drug category and clinical manifestation of ADRs. Results In 144 ADR cases with oral agents, there were 58 males （40. 3% ） and 86 females （59. 7% ）. Above 60 years, there were 51 ADR cases （35.4%）. There were 50 drugs and 5 forms which included 91 cases of the traditional Chinese medicine injections （ 63.2% ） , 18 cases of preparation for external use （ 12. 5% ） , 15 cases of pill （ 10. 4% ） , 12 cases of tablet （8.3%） and 8 cases of capsule （5.6%）. The clinical manifestations of ADR included 56 cases of allergic reactions （ 38.9% ） , 23 cases of digestive system reaction （16%） , 21 cases of anaphylactic shock （14.6%） , 14 eases of respiratory response （9.7%） , 12 cases of nervous system response （8.3%） , 11 cases of hematologic reactions （7.6%） and 7 cases of the urinary system responses （4. 9% ）. Conclusions Rational use of medicine should be enhanced. Medicine injection should be used carefully in order to improve rational drug use.