垂体囊的胚胎发育和显微解剖研究

目的：研究垂体囊的形态发育和显微解剖结构，观察垂体囊的组成及其与周围毗邻结构的关系。方法：采用45例胚胎标本和10例成人尸颅标本，对垂体囊和鞍侧腔行组织学连续切片和显微解剖观察。结果：垂体囊是由Rathke，s囊周围基质发育形成的致密结缔组织囊，17周后逐渐与鞍隔和蝶骨膜融合而形成成人垂体囊的最终形态。成人约20％的标本垂体囊与颈内动脉窦内段紧密相贴，二者之间没有静脉间隙。结论：垂体囊侧凸是垂体腺胚胎发育的结果，与垂体瘤侵犯海绵窦类似，需引起临床重视。

Embryological development and microanatomy of the pituitary capsule

Objective: To study the development and constitution of the pituitary capsule, and explore the relationship between the pituitary capsule and its surrounding structures. Methods: Serial histological sections of 45 human fetuses and 10 adults, as well as dissections under operative microscope were performed. Results: The pituitary capsule, deriving from the mesenchymal cells around the developing Rathke`s pouch, was finally fused with the diaphragma sellae and the periosteum of the sella turcica to form the configuration of adult hypophyseal bag after 17 weeks of gestation. For 20% adult specimens, the pituitary capsule and the intracavernous carotid artery contacted closely without medial venous space. Conclusions: The normal lateral expansion of the pituitary capsule into the cavernous sinus is the result of the embryological development of the hypophysis. Such as cavernous sinus invaded by the adenoma, careful identification of the expansion is important for exact diagnosis and surgical plan.